Question juridique clé
Whether the creditor was in default by refusing restitution of the mortgage certificates in 2007
Solution extraite
The right to restitution arose only upon the owner's payment in 2010; no consignation under Art. 92 CO was shown, so no actionable default was established.
Motifs extraits
The restitution right derived from legal subrogation under Art. 827(2) CC, which takes effect only upon payment by the owner. Earlier offers to pay against simultaneous return were not a valid consignation.