Question juridique clé
Whether the omission to renew Form A could constitute false documents by omission under Art. 251 and 11 CP
Solution extraite
No. Use of a false document is an active act and cannot, as such, be committed by omission; the contractual promise to report changes did not create a qualifying guarantor position.
Motifs extraits
Art. 11 CP requires a qualified legal duty to act. The bank-customer relationship and the accessory contractual duty to notify changes in Form A did not make the defendant a guarantor. Since the conduct punished under Art. 251 ch. 1 al. 3 CP is presenting a false document to deceive, omission was dogmatically excluded.