Janie Hughes v. Douglas A. Collins, Secretary of Veterans Affairs

N OTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.
United States Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit
______________________
JANIE HUGHES,
Claimant-Appellant
v.
DOUGLAS A. COLLINS, SECRETARY OF
VETERANS AFFAIRS,
Respondent-Appellee
______________________
2024-2080
______________________
Appeal from the United States Court of Appeals for
Veterans Claims in No. 22-3160, Judge Coral Wong Pi-
etsch.
______________________
Decided: March 20, 2026
______________________
K ATY CLEMENS , Carpenter Chartered, Topeka, KS, ar-
gued for claimant-appellant. Also represented by J OHN D.
N ILES ; J OHN F. CAMERON, Montgomery, AL.
MEREDYTH C OHEN HAVASY , Commercial Litigation
Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Jus-
tice, Washington, DC, argued for respondent-appellee.
Also represented by WILLIAM J AMES G RIMALDI, P ATRICIA M.
MCCARTHY , BRETT SHUMATE; T YRONE COLLIER, BRIAN D.
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HUGHES v. COLLINS 2
G RIFFIN, Office of General Counsel, United States Depart-
ment of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC.
______________________
Before L OURIE and P ROST , Circuit Judges, and
BURROUGHS , District Judge.1
P ROST , Circuit Judge.
Janie Hughes, surviving spouse of veteran Bobbie M.
Hughes, appeals from a decision of the U.S. Court of Ap-
peals for Veterans Claims (“Veterans Court”) denying an
earlier effective date for the grant of total disability rating
based on individual unemployability (“TDIU”) for accrued-
benefits purposes. For the reasons below, we dismiss.
BACKGROUND
Mr. Hughes served in the U.S. Army from September
1966 to June 1969. In April 2005, he filed a claim for ser-
vice connection for post-traumatic stress disorder
(“PTSD”), which the Department of Veterans Affairs re-
gional office (“RO”) granted in a July 2009 rating decision,
assigning an effective date of April 28, 2005, and a 30% dis-
ability rating. He was also granted service connection for
bilateral hearing loss and tinnitus. In 2011, Mr. Hughes
submitted an application for TDIU, reporting that he be-
came too disabled to work in June 2009 due to his PTSD
and hearing loss. The RO denied his claim for TDIU.
Mr. Hughes passed away in October 2012. That same
month, Mrs. Hughes filed an application for dependency
and indemnity compensation, death pension, and accrued
benefits.
1 Honorable Allison D. Burroughs, District Judge,
United States District Court for the District of Massachu-
setts, sitting by designation.
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HUGHES v. COLLINS 3
Relevant to this appeal, in a June 2016 rating decision,
the RO granted entitlement to accrued benefits on the ba-
sis that TDIU was warranted effective August 17, 2011.
Mrs. Hughes sought an earlier effective date, which the RO
denied.
The Board of Veterans’ Appeals (“Board”) denied enti-
tlement to an effective date earlier than August 17, 2011,
for the grant of TDIU for accrued-benefits purposes.
J.A. 29–43. It found that “prior to August 17, 2011, the
competent and credible evidence of record is not in approx-
imate balance but instead[] persuasively establishes that
[Mr. Hughes was] not precluded from securing or following
substantially gainful employment due to his service-con-
nected disabilities.” J.A. 43. It explained that he could
perform “a job in an office environment that involves indi-
vidual computer work, including writing or paperwork.”
J.A. 42. He “could also have performed any job that pri-
marily involved working alone, rather than collaboratively,
including data entry, quality control, packaging, or serving
as a surveillance monitor.” J.A. 42. While the Board rec-
ognized that “jobs involving driving or being around heavy
or moving machinery would have posed a safety risk due to
[Mr. Hughes’s] hearing impairment,” he could perform cer-
tain types of physical employment “with minimal commu-
nication with others, such as painting.” J.A. 42. In fact,
Mr. Hughes “reported doing repairs around his home after
his retirement, including carpentry, cement, masonry, and
electrical work.” J.A. 42.
The Veterans Court affirmed the Board’s decision.
Hughes v. McDonough, No. 22-3160, 2023 WL 6963799
(Vet. App. Oct. 23, 2023) (“Decision”). Mrs. Hughes’s mo-
tion for a panel decision was granted and the three-judge
panel ordered that the single-judge decision remained the
decision of the Veterans Court. J.A. 3–4. She also moved
for full court review, which was denied. J.A. 2.
Mrs. Hughes timely appealed.
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HUGHES v. COLLINS 4
D ISCUSSION
This court has limited jurisdiction to review Veterans
Court decisions. We generally “may not review (A) a chal-
lenge to a factual determination, or (B) a challenge to a law
or regulation as applied to the facts of a particular case.”
38 U.S.C. § 7292(d)(2). But we may “review and decide any
challenge to the validity of any statute or regulation or any
interpretation thereof” and “interpret constitutional and
statutory provisions, to the extent presented and necessary
to a decision.” Id. § 7292(c).
Mrs. Hughes contends that the main issue on appeal is
“which standard of review governs the Veterans Court’s re-
view of a Board statement’s adequacy,” which “is an issue
of law” within this court’s jurisdiction. Appellant’s Br.
15–16. We disagree that Mrs. Hughes presents an issue
within our jurisdiction.
Before the Veterans Court, Mrs. Hughes argued that
she was not disputing the Board’s adverse findings but in-
stead sought “reversal of the Board’s legal errors with a de
novo review.” Decision, 2023 WL 6963799, at *4. In par-
ticular, she claimed that the Board’s statements were in-
adequate to meet the statutory requirement that the
Board’s decision “shall include” a “written statement of the
Board’s findings and conclusions, and the reasons or bases
for those findings and conclusions, on all material issues of
fact and law presented on the record.” 38 U.S.C
§ 7104(d)(1). The Veterans Court rejected Mrs. Hughes’s
arguments, characterizing them as “mostly amount[ing] to
disagreements with the inferences and judgments the
Board made while reviewing and weighing the evidence.”
Decision, 2023 WL 6963799, at *4; see also id. at *11
(same). We agree with that characterization, which applies
equally to her arguments before this court. Because we
lack jurisdiction to review factual determinations or the ap-
plication of law to fact, we must dismiss.
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HUGHES v. COLLINS 5
CONCLUSION
We have considered Mrs. Hughes’s remaining argu-
ments and determine that they fail to raise any issues
within our jurisdiction. For the foregoing reasons, we dis-
miss.
DISMISSED
COSTS
No costs.
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