Rodney Wells v. Roger King Assistant District Attorney of the County of Philadelphia, Et Al

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DLD-251 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
___________
No. 09-1842
___________
RODNEY WELLS,
Appellant
v.
ROGER KING
ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY
OF THE COUNTY OF PHILADELPHIA, ET AL
____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Misc. No. 08-MC-00124)
District Judge: Honorable Jan E. Dubois
____________________________________
Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)
or Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
July 23, 2009
Before: BARRY, AMBRO and SMITH, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: August 5, 2009
_________
OPINION
_________
PER CURIAM
Rodney Wells appeals from an order of the United States District Court for the
Eastern District of Pennsylvania, denying his motion and supplemental motion filed

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The Supreme Court has held that “the inherent power [of a federal court] allows [it]1
to vacate its own judgment upon proof that a fraud has been perpetrated upon the court.”
Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S. 32, 44 (1991) (citing Hazel-Atlas Glass Co. v.
Hartford-Empire Co., 322 U.S. 238 (1944). Thus, a motion alleging fraud on the court is
sometimes called a “Hazel-Atlas” motion.
The District Court Order and Memorandum Opinion also denied three other motions,2
two of which the Court found were moot, and one of which the Court found it lacked
jurisdiction to address, as the matter addressed in that motion was related to another of
Wells’ cases that was pending in this Court on appeal. Wells has not contested the denial
of these three motions.
The parties are already familiar with the facts of this case. Therefore, we limit our3
discussion to those facts essential to our decision.
Wells argued that the Assistant District Attorney who prosecuted him did not4
disclose that a key witness had an immunity agreement with the Commonwealth.
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pursuant to Hazel-Atlas Glass Co. v. Hartford-Empire Co., 322 U.S. 238 (1944).1
Because the appeal presents no substantial question, we will summarily affirm the District
Court’s judgment. Third Circuit LAR 27.4.2
Wells was sentenced on September 3, 1986 to life imprisonment for murder and
five to ten years imprisonment for possession of an instrument of crime and conspiracy.3
More than twenty years later, after several unsuccessful attempts to challenge this
conviction, Wells filed his Hazel-Atlas motion, and a supplement thereto, in the District
Court. Wells argued that the District Court should “nullify his conviction and sentence
that was procured via ‘intentional fraud upon the Court’ via [the state prosecutor]”.
Hazel-Atlas motion at 4. The District Court was persuaded by several federal court4
opinions that it lacked authority to review the issue of fraud on a state court under Hazel-

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Atlas. The Court also held that even if it were to reach the merits of Wells’ motion, it
would find that he had “failed to satisfy the rigorous standard established for independent
actions alleging fraud upon the court.” Dist. Ct. Op. at 9. Wells filed a “Petition for
Permission to Appeal,” which was construed as a timely notice of appeal.
On appeal, Wells argues that the District Court’s holding that it could not grant
equitable relief under Hazel-Atlas in a matter arising from a state criminal trial is
inconsistent with the rights he is guaranteed under the Sixth and Fourteenth amendments.
However, Wells does not recognize that federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction
which possess only that power authorized by Constitution and statute. Kokkonen v.
Guardian Life Ins. Co. of America, 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994). Federal courts are to
presume that a cause lies outside of their jurisdiction, and it is the burden of the party
asserting jurisdiction to prove otherwise. Id. Although the Supreme Court has held in
Hazel-Atlas and Chambers that a federal court has the inherent power to vacate its own
judgments when they have been procured by fraud, those cases were both civil cases.
Wells has not pointed to any authority holding that a federal court has inherent power to
overturn a state criminal conviction on the basis of fraud.
In fact, we recently held that a federal court does not have inherent power to vacate
a federal criminal conviction procured by fraud. See United States v. Washington, 549
F.3d 905, 917 (3d Cir. 2008). We found there was an “absence of authority suggesting a
longstanding inherent power of a district court to vacate a criminal sentence based on

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Cf. Gonzalez v. Secretary for Dept. of Corrections, 366 F.3d 1253, 1284-85 (11 Cir.5 th
2004) (Rule 60(b) relief will not be granted to reopen final judgment denying federal
habeas relief where alleged fraud was perpetrated on state court rather than federal court).
A movant’s allegation that fraud on the state court violated his federal constitutional
rights is simply a new federal constitutional claim subject to the successive petition rules
of 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(2).
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fraud” and that any such inherent power was abrogated by Congress pursuant to 18
U.S.C. § 3582(c) and Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 35(a), which provide limited
circumstances in which a district court may correct a federal criminal sentence.
Washington, 549 F.3d at 914, 916-17. We are similarly unaware of any power that a
federal court has to overturn a state criminal conviction obtained by fraud, outside of
power authorized by statute; i.e. through a writ of habeas corpus filed pursuant to 28
U.S.C. § 2254. Accordingly, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.5

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