Plan Bwellness Center, LLC; Jack Rayis v. City of Detroit Board of Zoning Appeals

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION
File Name: 21a0110n.06
Case No. 19-2449
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
PLAN B WELLNESS CENTER, LLC;
JACK RAYIS,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
CITY OF DETROIT BOARD OF ZONING
APPEALS; ALTERNATIVE CARE
CHOICES, LLC; MARCELUS BRICE;
GABE LELAND,
Defendants-Appellees.
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ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR
THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF
MICHIGAN
BEFORE: COLE, Chief Judge; STRANCH and THAPAR, Circuit Judges.
THAPAR, Circuit Judge. No matter what you sell, business is better if you’re the only
supplier on the block. But there’s usually nothing you can do to stop a competitor from opening
up next door. Plan B Wellness Center, a marijuana vendor in Detroit, thought its industry was
different—the city’s zoning rules restrict the density of marijuana shops. So when another supplier
proposed to open nearby with the zoning board’s consent, Plan B sued to stop it. Because Plan B
has not shown that it has standing to sue, we dismiss the case.
I.
In 2008, Michigan legalized the sale of medical marijuana. Mich. Comp. Laws
§§ 333.26421–30 (2008). In response, Detroit adopted a zoning ordinance that requires businesses

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Case No. 19-2449, Plan B Wellness Center v. City of Detroit Bd. of Zoning
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to seek a license before selling marijuana to the public. Detroit, Mich., Ordinance No. 31-15, § 61-
12-343 (2015). The ordinance limits dispensary density by prohibiting licensed marijuana vendors
from operating within 1,000 feet of each other. Id. § 61-3-354(b)(2)(B).
But Alternative Care Choices wanted to set up a marijuana shop on a lot across the street
from Plan B Wellness Center. To get around the zoning restriction, Alternative Care Choices
asked Detroit’s zoning board for a land-use variance. The board granted the variance over Plan
B’s objection. Plan B sued the zoning board and the competing company.
II.
A plaintiff must have standing to bring a case in federal court. Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife,
504 U.S. 555, 560–61 (1992). Plan B, “the party invoking federal jurisdiction[,] bears the burden
of establishing” that it has standing to sue. Id. To satisfy its burden, Plan B “must explain how
the elements essential to standing are met.” Va. House of Delegates v. Bethune-Hill, 139 S. Ct.
1945, 1951 (2019).
The defendants argued both in the district court and on appeal that Plan B lacks standing.
Plan B never responded to their standing arguments, nor did it offer an explanation of its own. It
simply never addressed the issue.
Although a party cannot forfeit an argument against jurisdiction, it can forfeit arguments
in favor of it. Taylor v. Pilot Corp., 955 F.3d 572, 582 (6th Cir. 2020) (Thapar, J., concurring)
(controlling opinion); see also Taylor v. KeyCorp, 680 F.3d 609, 615 n.5 (6th Cir. 2012). That’s
what Plan B did here by failing to respond to arguments that it lacked standing to sue. Thus, we
vacate the opinion of the district court and remand with instructions to dismiss for lack of subject
matter jurisdiction.

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