Andrew James Johnston v. United States of America

United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted April 1, 2022*
Decided April 4, 2022
Before
DIANE S. SYKES, Chief Judge
FRANK H. EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge
MICHAEL B. BRENNAN, Circuit Judge
No. 21-1746
ANDREW JAMES JOHNSTON,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District
Court for the Northern District of Illinois,
Eastern Division.
No. 20 C 3729
Rebecca R. Pallmeyer,
Chief Judge.
O R D E R
Andrew Johnston, a federal prisoner, appeals the denial of his petition under
Rule 41(g) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure for the return of property seized
by the police. We affirm.
* We have agreed to decide the case without oral argument because the briefs and
record adequately present the facts and legal arguments, and oral argument would not
significantly aid the court. F ED. R. A PP . P. 34(a)(2)(C).
NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
To be cited only in accordance with F ED. R. APP . P. 32.1

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No. 21-1746 Page 2
Johnston was driving a 1995 Buick LeSabre when he was apprehended in
connection with a bank robbery. The police seized the car, which was registered to
Johnston’s then-girlfriend, Samantha Bellinder. Johnston was later convicted of
attempted bank robbery in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a), a conviction that we upheld.
See United States v. Johnston, 814 F. App’x 142, 144 (7th Cir. 2020).
Johnston petitioned under Rule 41(g) for the return of the Buick and property
inside it, as well as his cellphone. Rule 41(g) provides that a “person aggrieved by an
unlawful search and seizure of property or by the deprivation of property may move
for the property’s return.” The government agreed to return Johnston’s cellphone, but
opposed the rest of the petition, arguing that it did not possess the Buick or the other
items inside the car. According to the government, the police searched the car; had it
taken to a private tow yard; and then notified Bellinder, the registered owner, with
instructions for how to retrieve it. When she failed to do so, the towing company sold
the car. Johnston acknowledged that the car was registered in Bellinder’s name, but
maintained that he could corroborate his ownership of the car if allowed to present
testimony from Bellinder and the prior owner.
The district judge granted Johnston’s petition with respect to the return of his
cellphone but denied the petition with respect to the car and his belongings that he says
were inside it. The judge found that Bellinder “had title to the car”—evidence that
defeated Johnston’s claim over the car or any belongings inside it. The judge explained
that any dispute about those belongings was between Johnston and Bellinder, and any
dispute about the police’s decision to have the vehicle towed was between Bellinder
and the police.
On appeal Johnston challenges the denial of his Rule 41(g) petition and argues
that the judge should have considered whether he had received fair notice when the car
was towed and sold. But “Rule 41(g) permits only the recovery of property in the
possession of the [g]overnment.” United States v. Stevens, 500 F.3d 625, 628 (7th Cir.
2007). The evidence here (which included a certificate of purchase from the State of
Illinois confirming that the Buick was purchased as an unclaimed vehicle by O’Hare
Kars Inc. after Johnston’s arrest) established that the government does not possess the
Buick. Given the evidence before her, the judge acted well within her discretion to deny
the petition. To the extent Johnston seeks to press claims for monetary relief, he would
need to commence a civil suit to do so. See United States v. Norwood, 602 F.3d 830, 837
(7th Cir. 2010).

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No. 21-1746 Page 3
Johnston next argues that the judge should have conducted an evidentiary
hearing to determine ownership of the Buick. But Rule 41(g) requires only that courts
“receive evidence on any factual issue necessary to decide the motion.” No such factual
issue is present here: The government presented substantial evidence demonstrating
that it did not possess the property at issue. See Stevens v. United States, 530 F.3d 502, 505
(7th Cir. 2008) (submission of agent’s affidavit, docket sheets from forfeiture
proceedings, and federal judgment was sufficient to show that the government did not
possess the property). Johnston disputes the authenticity of the notice Bellinder
received from the government, but that matter is irrelevant as to whether the
government possesses the car.
In an “addendum” to his brief, Johnston asserts that the judge abused her
discretion by denying his request to reassign the case for judicial bias. He maintained
that the judge’s appointment by a Democratic president was at odds with his public
support on social media for President Trump, a Republican. This is not a sufficient basis
for recusal. See Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 555–56 (1994).
This court previously sanctioned Johnston for filing a frivolous appeal. Johnston
v. Ward, No. 21-1221, 2021 WL 4894487 (7th Cir. Oct. 20, 2021). He is currently a
restricted filer, and again we warn Johnston that further frivolous filings may result in
additional sanctions.
AFFIRMED

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