U.s. Securities & Exchange Commission v. Daniel George Chapman

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
U.S. SECURITIES & EXCHANGE
COMMISSION,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v.
DANIEL GEORGE CHAPMAN,
Defendant - Appellant.
No. 13-16532
D.C. No. 2:05-cv-00531-PMP-
GWF
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Nevada
Philip M. Pro, Senior District Judge, Presiding
Submitted May 15, 2015 **
San Francisco, California
Before: N.R. SMITH and OWENS, Circuit Judges, and COLLINS,*** Chief
District Judge.
FILED
MAY 19 2015
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
*** The Honorable Raner C. Collins, Chief District Judge for the U.S.
District Court for the District of Arizona, sitting by designation.

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Daniel Chapman, an attorney appearing pro se, appeals the district court’s
order denying his application for attorney’s fees under the Equal Access to Justice
Act (“EAJA”). In the underlying action, Chapman (also appearing pro se)
prevailed against the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in a
securities fraud case, charging that Chapman entered into a scheme to manipulate
the market for the stock of Exotics.com.
1. The district court did not err in denying Chapman attorney’s fees. In Kay v.
Ehrler, the Supreme Court determined that pro se attorney-plaintiff litigants could
not recover attorney’s fees. 499 U.S. 432, 435-38 (1991). It reasoned that (a) the
term attorney’s fees “assumes an agency relationship” between an attorney and a
client, and (b) awarding fees only when there is an independent attorney-client
relationship, encourages “potential plaintiffs to obtain the assistance of competent
counsel in vindicating their rights.” Id. at 436-37. Applying Kay, we then
determined that all pro se litigants (including attorneys) are not entitled to
attorneys’ fees under fee-shifting statutes, such as the EAJA. See Elwood v.
Drescher, 456 F.3d 943, 946-47 (9th Cir. 2006). Nothing in our decision in
Rickley v. County of Los Angeles, 654 F.3d 950 (9th Cir. 2011), altered this rule.
Rickley allowed recovery of fees in the circumstances where an attorney-spouse
represented the litigant. Id. at 956. Here, Chapman appeared pro se. He did not
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represent his former firm (a non-party), see Sw. Marine, Inc. ex rel. Universal
Painting & Sandblasting Corp. v. United States, 43 F.3d 420, 421-23 (9th Cir.
1994), or his former partner (who also appeared pro se). Thus, we conclude that
Chapman is not entitled to receive attorney’s fees under the EAJA.
2. Because we conclude that Chapman is not entitled to attorney’s fees under
the EAJA, we need not address the other issues raised on appeal of net worth and
substantial justification.
The district court’s finding of no bad faith was not clearly erroneous. See
Cazares v. Barber, 959 F.2d 753, 754 (9th Cir. 1992). There is no evidence that
the SEC engaged in “reckless conduct” “combined with . . . frivolousness,
harassment, or an improper purpose.” Rodriguez v. United States, 542 F.3d 704,
709 (9th Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks omitted).
We further do not address whether the two pre-trial motions to dismiss were
appealable. The issue is moot, either because (a) Chapman prevailed at trial, or (b)
it was raised only to support his claim that the SEC’s position was not substantially
justified.
AFFIRMED.
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