Roberto Bernal Cortez v. MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
ROBERTO BERNAL CORTEZ,
Petitioner,
v.
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
No. 18-72438
Agency No. A079-158-078
MEMORANDUM*
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted November 17, 2020**
San Francisco, California
Before: NGUYEN, HURWITZ, and BRESS, Circuit Judges.
Roberto Bernal Cortez, a citizen of Mexico, petitions for review of (1) an
order by the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) reinstating an expedited
removal order and (2) a decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”)
dismissing his appeal from an order of an Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denying him
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
FILED
APR 21 2021
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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withholding of removal and protection under the Convention Against Torture
(“CAT”). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We deny the petition in part
and dismiss it in part.
1. Our review of a reinstatement order is limited to whether the petitioner
(1) is an alien, (2) subject to a prior removal order, and (3) unlawfully reentered the
United States. Garcia de Rincon v. Dep’t of Homeland Sec., 539 F.3d 1133, 1137
(9th Cir. 2008). All elements are satisfied. Bernal admits he is a citizen of Mexico.
He was removed under a January 7, 2001 expedited removal order. And, a DHS
records search finding no evidence of lawful entry, combined with Bernal’s presence
in the country, suffices to establish unlawful reentry.
The Court lacks jurisdiction to consider Bernal’s collateral attack on the
underlying expedited removal order. Id. at 1138. In a reinstatement proceeding, the
underlying removal order is “not subject to being reopened or reviewed.” 8 U.S.C.
§ 1231(a)(5). The jurisdictional bar is not avoided by Bernal’s attempt to
characterize his attack as one on the sufficiency of DHS’s proof on the three factors
it must prove for reinstatement. See Alvarado-Herrera v. Garland, --- F.3d ---, 2021
WL 1378531 at *5 (9th Cir. Apr. 13, 2021). This aspect of Bernal’s appeal is
dismissed.
2. Substantial evidence supports the denial of withholding of removal.
The record does not compel a finding that Bernal would be persecuted in Mexico

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because of his political opinion or any other protected ground. See 8 U.S.C.
§ 1231(b)(3)(A) (requiring that the “alien’s life or freedom would be threatened in
that country because of the alien’s race, religion, nationality, membership in a
particular social group, or political opinion”); Barajas-Romero v. Lynch, 846 F.3d
351, 357–58 (9th Cir. 2017) (holding that for withholding purposes, the protected
status need only be a reason for the persecution, not the only or central reason). The
harm Bernal suffered—a shooting and harassment by a local criminal—does not
necessarily have any nexus to his political views. An alternative explanation, that
the harm resulted from random criminal violence without a nexus to a protected
ground, was at least plausible and supported by the evidence cited. See Zetino v.
Holder, 622 F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2010). And, there is no indication that the
agency did not adequately consider all the evidence before it. See Gonzalez-Caraveo
v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 885, 894 (9th Cir. 2018).
3. Substantial evidence also supports the denial of CAT relief. The record
does not compel a finding that Bernal would be tortured by, or with the acquiescence
of, a public official in Mexico if returned to that country. See 8 C.F.R.
§§ 1208.18(a)(1), 1208.16(c) (requiring torture to be by or with acquiescence of
public official); Aguilar-Ramos v. Holder, 594 F.3d 701, 704 (9th Cir. 2010) (same).
Bernal relied only on speculation and generalized evidence of crime, corruption, and
impunity to connect any feared future torture to the Mexican government. Local

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police, however, responded each time Bernal sought help in the past. The evidence
the agency cited supports its decision, and there is again no indication that the agency
did not adequately consider all the evidence before it. See Gonzalez-Caraveo, 882
F.3d at 894.
PETITION DISMISSED IN PART AND DENIED IN PART.

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