Adult Guardianship of L.

MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions
Decision: 2020 ME 13
Docket: Ken-19-355
Submitted
On Briefs: January 23, 2020
Decided: January 30, 2020

Panel: ALEXANDER, MEAD, GORMAN, JABAR, and HUMPHREY, JJ.

ADULT GUARDIANSHIP OF L.

JABAR, J.

[¶1] L. appeals from an order of the Kennebec County Probate Court

(Mitchell, J.) determining that L. “failed to prove by clear and convincing

evidence that his [adult] guardianship is no longer necessary for his safety and

well-being” and denying his petition for termination of that guardianship.

L. contends, and the Department of Health and Human Services concedes, that

the court applied an incorrect standard of proof in contravention of

18-A M.R.S. § 5-307(d) (2018).1

[¶2] “What party has the burden of proof . . . is a legal question. Legal

questions are subject to de novo review.” Steelstone Indus., Inc. v. McCrum,

2001 ME 171, ¶ 6, 785 A.2d 1256. Thus, the court’s application of the law to

the facts is reviewed de novo. Estate of Greenblatt, 2014 ME 32, ¶ 12, 86 A.3d

1The citations here are to Title 18-A, the Probate Code in effect at the time of the court’s order.
The Code has been repealed and replaced with a new Probate Code, codified in Title 18-C, which
became effective on September 1, 2019. See P.L. 2019, ch. 417; P.L. 2017, ch. 402.
2

1215. Section 5-307(d) sets forth the burden of proof applicable to this

petition for termination of guardianship and provides:

In an action by the ward, upon presentation by the petitioner of
evidence establishing a prima facie case that the ward is not
incapacitated or the appointment is no longer necessary or
desirable as a means of providing continuing care and supervision
of the ward, the court shall order the termination unless the
respondent proves by clear and convincing evidence that the ward
is incapacitated and guardianship is necessary or desirable as a
means of providing continuing care and supervision of the ward.

18-A M.R.S. § 5-307(d) (emphasis added).

[¶3] In stating that “[t]he Petitioner failed to prove by clear and

convincing evidence that his guardianship is no longer necessary for his safety

and well-being[,]” the court failed to apply the proper statutory standard of

proof. We therefore vacate the judgment and remand to the probate court for

application of the correct standard of proof. See Emerson v. Cty. Concrete

& Const. Co., 614 A.2d 549, 550 (Me. 1992).

The entry is:

Judgment vacated. Remanded for proceedings
consistent with this opinion.
3

Robert Marks, Esq., Washington, for appellant L.

Aaron Frey, Attorney General, and Cody M.P. Hopkins, Asst. Atty. Gen., Office
of the Attorney General, Augusta, for appellee Department of Health and
Human Services

Kennebec County Probate Court docket number 2008-0172-1
FOR CLERK REFERENCE ONLY