In Re: Cinco West Development, LLC v. the State of Texas

Affirm and Dismiss and Opinion filed December 6, 2024

In The
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-24-00946-CV
No. 05-24-01158-CV
CINCO WEST DEVELOPMENT, LLC, Appellant
V.
HIGHLAND HOMES-DALLAS, INC. AND
BLUE STAR ALLEN LAND, LP, Appellees

On Appeal from the 471st Judicial District Court
Collin County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 471-01504-2022

MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Reichek, Nowell, and Carlyle
Opinion by Justice Reichek
Cinco West Development, LLC appeals the trial court’s order denying its

motion to transfer venue.1 In a related original proceeding, Cinco West challenges

the same order by petition for writ of mandamus. Because we conclude Cinco West

is bound by the earlier denial of the same motion to transfer brought by its trustee

and agent, Covenant Clearinghouse, LLC (“CCH”), we affirm the trial court’s order.

We dismiss the original proceeding as moot.

1
See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 15.003(b) (interlocutory appeal permitted of trial court’s
venue determination in multi-plaintiff case).
In 2009, a Declaration of Covenant was filed in the real property records of

Collin County, Texas. The Declaration purports to encumber certain real property

with a 1% private transfer fee that runs with the land for a period of ninety-nine

years. The fees were paid to a trustee who acted as a fiduciary to the Declaration’s

beneficiaries. The trustee then disbursed the money to the beneficiaries after certain

deductions were made. Section 11 of the Declaration states,

To the maximum extent permitted by law, Beneficiaries jointly and
severally grant unto Trustee the right to undertake on behalf of
Beneficiaries, as agent thereof, any action Trustee deems reasonably
necessary or appropriate to prosecute, defend and exercise rights and
obligations arising out of or related to this Declaration, including but
not limited to, the right to:
a. collect and disburse sums in connection with this
Declaration; [and]
b. undertake or defend, including retaining others to
undertake and defend, legal, arbitration, and administrative
proceedings;
...

The current trustee under the Declaration is CCH.

On March 28, 2022, Highland Homes – Dallas, LLC filed this suit in Collin

County seeking a declaratory judgment that the private transfer fee imposed by the

Declaration was unenforceable and requesting permanent injunctive relief. CCH

was named as a defendant in both its corporate capacity and its capacity as trustee

under the Declaration. The beneficiaries of the Declaration, including Cinco West,

were also named as defendants. Blue Star Allen Land, L.P. intervened as an

additional plaintiff.

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CCH filed an answer and motion to transfer venue specifically in its capacity

as trustee under the Declaration. In the motion to transfer, CCH argued that,

pursuant to section 115.002 of the Texas Trust Code, mandatory venue for this suit

was in either Travis County or Williamson County. The trial court denied the motion

holding “the Defendants waived any right to request a transfer of venue.” CCH did

not appeal the ruling.

The litigation proceeded for another year with numerous motions and

hearings. During that time, the trial court granted partial summary judgments in

favor of Highland Homes and Blue Star. The court also issued a temporary

injunction and ordered CCH to deposit funds into the court registry.

On March 1, 2024, Cinco West filed a special appearance, answer, plea to the

jurisdiction, motion to transfer venue, and counterclaim. It argued it had not been

properly served and the court had no jurisdiction to render orders affecting its

property rights. In its motion to transfer venue, Cinco West made the same argument

previously made by CCH that mandatory venue for this case was in Travis County

under section 115.002 of the trust code. Highland Homes responded that the court

had already ruled the beneficiaries’ interests were being represented by CCH, and

Cinco West was bound by all of the trial court’s orders, including its previous denial

of CCH’s motion to transfer venue. Highland Homes additionally argued the

Declaration did not create an express trust and was not subject to the trust code’s

mandatory venue provision.

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Following a hearing, the trial court denied Cinco West’s plea to the

jurisdiction and motion to transfer venue. In ruling on the venue issue, the court

stated,

Either there is no trust, or, even if there was a trust, I don’t find that
Cinco West is indispensable because there is no apparent conflict
between the trustee and the beneficiaries. The trustee zealously
advocated the positions advanced by Cinco West, in fact, the same
arguments, the motion to transfer venue, and so on.

On appeal, Cinco West contends the trial court erred in denying its motion to

transfer venue because the trust code’s mandatory venue provision applies to all

proceedings involving a trustee and all matters involving a trust. With respect to the

trial court’s previous ruling that CCH waived the defendants’ right to request a venue

transfer, Cinco West asserts that CCH’s actions are not binding on it because, under

section 15.0641 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, “any action or

omission by one defendant in relation to venue, including a waiver of venue by one

defendant, does not operate to impair or diminish the right of any other defendant to

properly challenge venue.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 15.0641.

Assuming without deciding the Declaration creates a trust that would be subject to

the trust code’s venue provision, we conclude the trial court’s earlier unchallenged

ruling that venue was waived is binding on Cinco West.

While it is generally true that both the trustee and the beneficiaries should be

made parties in suits involving trust property, this rule does not apply where the

terms of the trust grant the power to litigate expressly to the trustee. Hedley Feedlot,

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Inc. v. Weatherly Trust, 855 S.W.2d 826, 833 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 1993, writ

denied). In the absence of a clear conflict of interest, the beneficiaries are not

necessary parties. Armstrong v. Steppes Apartments, Ltd., No. 2-97-250-CV, 1998

WL 34202656, at *8 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Aug. 20, 1998, no pet.) (mem. op.,

not designated for publication). Here, the beneficiaries expressly authorized CCH

to represent them in any litigation involving the Declaration. Cinco West is not,

therefore, a separate defendant from CCH as contemplated by section 15.0461 of the

civil practice and remedies code. The actions CCH took, and the decisions made by

the trial court, are binding on the beneficiaries including Cinco West. See In re

Weekly Homes, L.P., 180 S.W.3d 127, 133–34 (Tex. 2005) (suit brought by or

against trustee binding on beneficiaries whether they join it or not); Grimm v. Rizk,

640 S.W.2d 711, 715 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1982, writ ref’d n.r.e.).

Cinco West made no argument in its original brief on appeal that it has a

conflict of interest with CCH. In its reply brief, Cinco West attempts to identify a

conflict, but we do not consider arguments raised for the first time in a reply brief.

Cebcor Serv. Corp. v. Landscape Design & Const., Inc., 270 S.W.3d 328, 334 (Tex.

App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.). More importantly, this argument was not raised in the

trial court. Instead, counsel for Cinco West argued that a conflict of interest was not

necessary for a beneficiary to be an indispensable party.

In the eleventh hour Cinco West is simply dissatisfied with the results of the

litigation and is seeking to re-try the case in a different court. See Armstrong, 1998

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WL 34202656, at *8. We resolve Cinco West’s sole issue against it and affirm the

trial court’s order. We dismiss the petition for writ of mandamus as moot. See Ryan

Marine Servs., Inc. v. Hoffman, 668 S.W.3d 171, 188 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st

Dist.] 2023, no pet.).

240946f.p05 /Amanda L. Reichek/
241158f.p05 AMANDA L. REICHEK
JUSTICE

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Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT

CINCO WEST DEVELOPMENT, On Appeal from the 471st Judicial
LLC, Appellant District Court, Collin County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 471-01504-
No. 05-24-00946-CV V. 2022.
Opinion delivered by Justice
HIGHLAND HOMES-DALLAS, Reichek. Justices Nowell and Carlyle
INC. AND BLUE STAR ALLEN participating.
LAND, LP, Appellees

In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the order of the trial
court denying the motion to transfer venue brought by CINCO WEST
DEVELOPMENT, LLC is AFFIRMED.

It is ORDERED that appellees HIGHLAND HOMES-DALLAS, INC.
AND BLUE STAR ALLEN LAND, LP recover their costs of this appeal from
appellant CINCO WEST DEVELOPMENT, LLC.

Judgment entered this 6th day of December, 2024.

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