H. Fredrick Peterson v. Mark H. Reiter & Chris A. Reiter

37802-1Washctapp14 déc. 2021

Texte intégral

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
H. FREDRICK PETERSON,
Appellant,
v.
MARK H. REITER and CHRIS A.
REITER, husband and wife,
Respondents.
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No. 37802-1-III
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
LAWRENCE-BERREY, J. — Fredrick Peterson appeals the trial court’s summary
judgment ruling that interpreted the word “Grantee” in a deed to include the original
grantee’s successors. This interpretation permitted the Reiters, the original grantee’s
successors, to rebuild their house on the deeded property.
We interpret the word “Grantee” not in isolation, but in the context of the entire
deed to determine the intent of the original parties. The deed reflects multiple purposes
the parties sought to achieve. These purposes are frustrated if “Grantee” does not include
the original grantee’s successors. We conclude that the entirety of the agreement clearly
demonstrates that the original parties to the deed intended “Grantee” to include the
FILED
DECEMBER 14, 2021
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
2
original grantee’s successors. We affirm the trial court.
FACTS
Fredrick Peterson is an experienced and well-established real estate developer in
the Yakima Valley. In 1982, Mr. Peterson—through his company Crescent Properties,
Inc.—obtained title via foreclosure auction to approximately 120 acres of property in the
Yakima Valley. He intended (and still intends) to develop the property into a wine-
themed development featuring a winery, commercial, recreational, and retail areas, a
resort, and residential options.
In 1986, local businessman Eldon Graves sought to purchase a house at 15 Hardy
Road, which was situated on a portion of Mr. Peterson’s property. The 7.69 acre parcel
was entirely surrounded by Mr. Peterson’s property. Mr. Peterson and Mr. Graves
negotiated the sale for months and settled on a final price of $200,000. The deed1 reads,
in pertinent part:
The Grantor, H. Fredrick Peterson . . . conveys to Eldon Graves
[15 Hardy Road]
. . . .
TOGETHER WITH 30-foot nonexclusive easement for ingress and
egress . . . . Grantor and Grantee shall share equally the cost of
maintaining such easement.
1 We attach the deed as an appendix to this opinion.
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3
. . . .
SUBJECT TO present and future assessments due by way of
inclusion of the property with the boundaries of Yakima County
Road Improvement District No. 69. Grantee agrees to cooperate
with and support Grantor in the prosecution of [a lawsuit brought by
Grantor, which] challenges the validity of the assessments . . . .
. . . .
SUBJECT TO use restrictions:[2] Grantor hereby reserves all
future development rights for any “above-grade improvements”
on the subject property, provided this restriction shall not
preclude the Grantee from improving the property with one or
more of the following type improvements, to-wit: landscaping; a
three-car garage; residential-type swimming pool, either outdoor or
enclosed within a compatible structure with pool decking and a bath
house; and/or the repair or replacement of existing improvements
in the event of damage or destruction of the same; and a fence
which is mutually agreed upon by the Grantor and Grantee and is of
a type architecturally consistent with other of Grantor’s property
development within the general geographic area.
THIS RESERVATION OF RIGHTS[3] shall be the property of
Grantor, retained by Grantor for the benefits of Grantor’s heirs
and/or assigns and shall constitute a property right transferrable, in
whole or part, only by document of conveyance executed by Grantor,
or Grantor’s successors or assigns. By virtue of the reservation of
development rights by Grantor, Grantee understands that the
property subject to this Deed may not be subdivided or improved
contrary to the terms of this restriction, unless Grantor conveys, in
whole or part, such development rights to Grantee or Grantee’s
assigns, by appropriate document of conveyance.
2 We refer to this paragraph as the “use restrictions” paragraph.
3 We refer to this paragraph as the “reservation of rights” paragraph.
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SUBJECT TO Grantor’s retained right to maintain landscaping on
the subject property.
SUBJECT TO DEVELOPMENT OF ADJOINING PROPERTY:
Grantor contemplates the possible development of adjoining property
with a winery and resort condominium complex. Grantee
acknowledges the value of such development to the subject property
and agrees to cooperate and support all applications, hearings and
proceedings with respect to the development of the property.
Specifically, it is anticipated that the development will require an
application for planned unit development and not register any
objection to such development application.
Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 108-09 (emphasis added).
In 1997, Mr. Graves refinanced the property. The refinancing loan was for
$368,000, secured by a deed of trust. The loan and security were subsequently assigned
to The First National Bank of Chicago.
In 1998, Mr. Graves defaulted on the loan. The property was reconveyed to the
bank. Mark and Chris Reiter purchased the property from the bank in November 1999 for
$270,000. In 2007, they bought a nearby parcel—11 Hardy Road. Over several years, the
Reiters spent more than $100,000 remodeling and upgrading their home, which included
building a three-car garage.
In March 2017, the Reiters’ home was completely destroyed by a fire. The home
was insured and the Reiters received insurance proceeds. They began rebuilding,
utilizing the original footprint and design. They asked Mr. Peterson for copies of his
No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
5
county-approved plans showing his proposed structures for the surrounding areas.
Throughout the years, Mr. Peterson had acquired adjoining property and his original
120 acres had expanded to 317 acres.
In July 2017, Mr. Peterson’s representative met with Mr. Reiter and discussed the
reservation of rights in the deed and Mr. Peterson’s proposed purchase of the Reiters’ two
properties on Hardy Road. The following month, Mr. Peterson spoke with Mr. Reiter
personally about the reservation of rights and again offered to purchase the two
properties. He sent a letter the following day, which read in part:
Thank you for taking the time and meeting with Kim and I yesterday. We
believe the purchase offer we made reflected a fair price for your two
properties.[4]
One item in our conversation, which I did not understand, was your
comment that the restrictions, in the original Deed (attached), “do not
impact the marketability” of your property. I don’t agree with your
observations with respect to “marketability” because the reservation of all
future development rights for any “above-grade improvements” was clearly
retained in a covenant which runs with the land.
By way of background, the deed restriction was specifically negotiated with
Eldon Graves prior to preparation of the deed and closing of the property
sale. The document is clear with respect to my future development plans
and the potential conflict the home and other improvements would create in
executing those plans. Accordingly, we negotiated the specific use
4 The record does not reflect what Mr. Peterson offered the Reiters for the two
properties. But in his complaint, he alleged that the value of 15 Hardy Road without the
house was $69,200.
No. 37802-1-III
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6
restrictions with limited above-grade rights granted only to the “Grantee”—
Eldon Graves. . . .
CP at 173.
In 2019, Mr. Peterson learned that the Reiters had applied for and received a
building permit from Yakima County for a single-family residence at 15 Hardy Road.
Mr. Peterson’s counsel sent the Reiters a letter, reiterating Mr. Peterson’s prior position
and threatening suit if they continued to rebuild. The Reiters’ general contractor
responded by saying he was advised by the Reiters’ insurance company and legal counsel
to continue rebuilding the home.
Trial court proceedings
Mr. Peterson filed suit in Yakima County Superior Court seeking a declaratory
judgment that the Reiters could not construct a single-family residential structure on the
property and seeking attorney fees. The Reiters filed an answer and sought an order
declaring that they could rebuild their house and for an award of attorney fees.
Mr. Peterson eventually moved for summary judgment. He argued the use
restrictions paragraph allowed only Mr. Graves, not his successors, to repair or replace
the destroyed house. He attached a lengthy declaration in support of his motion, which
detailed many of the facts above. The declaration included purported discussions he had
with Mr. Graves prior to the sale of the property:
No. 37802-1-III
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I disclosed to . . . Graves my plans for the development of the properties
and advised that I would not sell the property without a full reservation of
all above-grade development rights. At first, Graves rejected any
limitations or reservations on the development rights for the property.
Negotiations were at an impasse. We subsequently negotiated a significant
price reduction of $50,000 for the property in exchange for my reservation
of all “above-grade development rights.” The final purchase price for the
property was reduced to Two Hundred Thousand Dollars ($200,000). This
was well below the fair market value of the property. The price reduction
reflected the retention of above-grade development rights. Graves stated
his only interest was to live in the house during his lifetime.
CP at 85-86.
The Reiters filed a cross-motion for summary judgment. They argued that
“Grantee” included the grantee’s successor and that Mr. Peterson’s interpretation
constituted an unreasonable restraint on alienation. They also argued Mr. Peterson’s
purported discussion with Mr. Graves—who died years earlier—should be struck because
it was inadmissible under RCW 5.60.030, the dead man’s statute.
The trial court heard oral argument. After argument, the court orally denied Mr.
Peterson’s summary judgment motion and granted the Reiters’ summary judgment
motion.
The trial court did not explicitly rule on the Reiters’ motion to strike. It later
entered its summary judgment order that set forth the pleadings it considered, which
included Mr. Peterson’s declaration, without exception.
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8
Mr. Peterson timely appealed. The Reiters did not cross-appeal the trial court’s
failure to strike portions of Mr. Peterson’s declaration.
Motion to strike filed in appellate court
The Reiters filed a motion to strike those portions of Mr. Peterson’s declaration
that contained his purported discussions with Mr. Graves. The Reiters argued that
RAP 9.13 permits them to object to the trial court’s failure to exclude those discussions
from the record. In response, Mr. Peterson argued that the motion to strike was not
appropriate in the context of a summary judgment appeal.
The motion was argued to a court commissioner. The commissioner, mindful that
this court must review the summary judgment record de novo, referred the motion to this
panel.
ANALYSIS
We review summary judgment decisions de novo. Strauss v. Premera Blue Cross,
194 Wn.2d 296, 300, 449 P.3d 640 (2019). Summary judgment is appropriate where the
pleadings, admissions on file, and affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as
to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.
CR 56(c).
No. 37802-1-III
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The dispositive issue in this appeal is whether the term “Grantee” in the
reservation clause extends to Mr. Graves’s successors—the Reiters.
Interpretation of deed
When interpreting a deed, we aim to give effect to and enforce the intent of
the original parties. Kershaw Sunnyside Ranches, Inc. v. Yakima Interurban Lines
Ass’n, 156 Wn.2d 253, 262, 126 P.3d 16 (2006). The intent of the original parties
is determined from the deed as a whole. Sunnyside Valley Irrig. Dist. v. Dickie,
149 Wn.2d 873, 880, 73 P.3d 369 (2003). In Newport Yacht Basin Ass’n of
Condominium Owners v. Supreme Northwest, Inc., 168 Wn. App. 56, 64-65, 277
P.3d 18 (2012) (footnote omitted) (quoting Tacoma Mill Co. v. Northern Pacific
Railway Co., 89 Wash. 187, 201, 154 P. 173 (1916)), we emphasized that the best
evidence of the parties’ intent is the deed itself:
[ ]“[I]f the intention of the parties may be clearly and certainly determined
from the language they employ, recourse will not be had to extrinsic
evidence for the purpose of ascertaining their intention.”[ ] This rule is a
practical consequence of the permanent nature of real property—unlike a
contract for personal services or a sale of goods, the legal effect of a deed
will outlast the lifetimes of both grantor and grantee, ensuring that evidence
of the circumstances surrounding the transfer will become both increasingly
unreliable and increasingly unobtainable with the passage of time.
Accordingly, the language of the written instrument is the best evidence of
the intent of the original parties to a deed.
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We construe deeds using the same rules of construction that apply to contracts.
Pelly v. Panasyuk, 2 Wn. App. 2d 848, 864, 413 P.3d 619 (2018). Washington courts
follow the objective manifestation theory of contracts. Hearst Commc’ns, Inc. v. Seattle
Times Co., 154 Wn.2d 493, 503, 115 P.3d 262 (2005). This approach requires us to focus
on the “intention corresponding to the reasonable meaning of the words used” giving
those words their “ordinary, usual, and popular meaning unless the entirety of the
agreement clearly demonstrates a contrary intent.” Id. at 503-04.
The parties dispute the meaning of the term “Grantee” in the use restrictions
paragraph. Mr. Peterson argues it means only Mr. Graves, the original grantee in the
transaction. The Reiters argue it means Mr. Graves and his successors. The term is not
defined in the deed. Courts may look to the dictionary definition to determine the
ordinary meaning of an undefined term. Quinault Indian Nation v. Imperium Terminal
Servs., LLC, 187 Wn.2d 460, 477, 387 P.3d 670 (2017).
“Grantee” is defined as “one to whom a grant is made.” WEBSTER’S THIRD NEW
INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY 989 (1993). The legal definition is similar: “[o]ne to whom
property is conveyed.” BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 845 (11th ed. 2019). If we were to
focus on only one word in the deed, Mr. Peterson’s interpretation would prevail: Mr.
Graves is the “one to whom” Mr. Peterson’s grant was made. But we do not focus on one
No. 37802-1-III
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word when interpreting deeds. We look at the deed as a whole. Sunnyside Valley, 149
Wn.2d at 880.
In his reply brief, Mr. Peterson agrees that the term “Grantee” must be given a
consistent meaning throughout the deed. If “Grantee” means only Mr. Graves throughout
the deed, this would frustrate the purpose of multiple provisions in the deed. For
example, it would require Mr. Peterson and Mr. Graves to share the cost of maintaining
the 30-foot access easement, but would not require Mr. Graves’s successors to share the
cost. It would require Mr. Graves to cooperate and support Mr. Peterson in his lawsuit
against Yakima County, but would not require Mr. Graves’s successors to do so. It would
require Mr. Graves to cooperate and support Mr. Peterson’s winery and resort
development applications, but would not require Mr. Graves’s successors to do so.
It is evident from the deed that Mr. Peterson’s purpose was to ensure that 15 Hardy
Road did not detract from the value of his future winery and resort. He did this by
reserving the right to disapprove the fence surrounding the property if it was not
architecturally consistent with his development and also by retaining the right to maintain
landscaping on the property. This purpose would be frustrated if Mr. Graves’s successors
could not repair the existing house, resulting in a dilapidated structure next to an upscale
winery and resort.
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It also is evident from the deed that Mr. Peterson conveyed the right to make
residential-type improvements to the property, but reserved to himself the right to develop
the property. Specifically, in the use restrictions paragraph, he allowed landscaping, a
three-car garage, and a residential-type swimming pool with decking and a bath house.
But in the reservation of rights paragraph that followed, he prohibited subdividing,
improving, or developing the property contrary to the listed residential-type
improvements. To enforce this prohibition, he required “Grantee or Grantee’s assigns” to
obtain from him an appropriate document of conveyance if they sought to develop the
property. CP at 109.
Mr. Peterson’s strongest argument that “Grantee” means Mr. Graves only is that
the term “assigns” is used in the deed once, in the reservation of rights paragraph. CP at
109. He argues that because the parties included the term “assigns” once in the deed, they
purposefully omitted that and similar terms elsewhere. This singular argument does not
persuade us to adopt an interpretation that frustrates multiple purposes of the deed. We
conclude that the entirety of the deed clearly demonstrates that Mr. Peterson and Mr.
Graves intended “Grantee,” as used throughout the deed, to include Mr. Graves’s
successors.
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Personal covenants
Mr. Peterson next argues that the use restriction paragraph contains a personal
covenant rather than one that runs with the land because it does not include the words
“heirs and assigns” following “Grantee.” He cites two cases to support this contention:
Ellensburg Lodge No. 20, I.O.O.F. v. Collins, 68 Wash. 94, 122 P. 602 (1912) and Feider
v. Feider, 40 Wn. App. 589, 699 P.2d 801 (1985).
In Ellensburg Lodge, adjoining property owners entered into a party wall
agreement that provided for future cost sharing of a common wall between them. 68
Wash. at 95. The agreement named the original parties and did not state it was binding on
successors or assigns. Id. at 97. The property owners sold their land and a dispute arose
between subsequent owners. The court explained that a personal covenant is made when
“‘there are no words indicating that the right to receive payment shall pass to his
assigns’” whereas a covenant runs with the land when “‘the language used is between the
parties and their assigns.’” Id. (quoting Hoffman v. Dickson, 47 Wash. 431, 92 P. 272
(1907)). However, the court held that the obligations of the party wall had passed
through successor deeds that expressly incorporated the party wall agreement,
notwithstanding the fact that the agreement did not expressly mention assigns. Id. at 98.
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In Feider, two brothers entered into an agreement that constituted a right of first
refusal. 40 Wn. App. at 590. The agreement was not recorded until one of the brothers
died and the other brother had sold his property to a third party. Id. at 591. The deceased
brother’s heirs filed suit, seeking specific performance or damages for breach. Id. The
trial court dismissed the action on summary judgment, finding the right of first refusal did
not run with the land and was thus a personal contract. Id. at 592. The heirs appealed.
This court affirmed, holding that the right of first refusal was not an interest in
land and was presumed effective only for a reasonable time. Id. Accordingly, the right of
first refusal was not enforceable by the deceased brother’s heirs and summary judgment
was properly granted against them. Id. at 590-92.
These cases are not particularly helpful to Mr. Peterson. Both concern written
contracts independent from any conveyance of real property. Other than addressing
issues of personal versus real covenants, the cases do little to support Mr. Peterson’s
position because they are factually dissimilar in significant ways. Notably, they do not
analyze which rights and restrictions are conveyed in a deed. Ellensburg Lodge is—if
anything—more helpful to the Reiters because the court found the party wall agreement
(which did not mention assigns) passed to assigns through a successor deed that
No. 37802-1-III
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15
referenced the agreement. And Feider involves a right to first refusal, which is a personal
covenant not at issue here.
Document of conveyance
Mr. Peterson next argues that the reservation of rights paragraph requires the
Reiters to obtain from him a document of conveyance if they want to rebuild their house.
We disagree.
As explained earlier, the reservation of rights paragraph requires Mr. Graves or his
assigns to obtain from Mr. Peterson an appropriate document of conveyance before
subdividing or improving the property contrary to the use restrictions paragraph. Here,
the Reiters sought only to rebuild their house, an improvement that existed in 1987,
something allowed in the use restrictions paragraph. Because the Reiters did not seek to
improve the property contrary to the use restriction paragraph, they did not need to obtain
an appropriate document of conveyance from Mr. Peterson.
Extrinsic evidence
Mr. Peterson contends that extrinsic evidence should not have been considered
because there was no ambiguity in the deed. The Reiters argue that Mr. Peterson himself
offered extrinsic evidence that contradicts his position, and extrinsic evidence may be
used to help ascertain the meaning of the deed. We need not address Mr. Peterson’s
No. 37802-1-III
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contention because extrinsic evidence plays no role in our decision to affirm the trial
court’s ruling. We nevertheless explain why we have discounted portions of Mr.
Peterson’s declaration that involve his discussions with Mr. Graves.
“Extrinsic evidence is to be used to illuminate what was written, not what was
intended to be written.” Hollis v. Garwall, Inc., 137 Wn.2d 683, 697, 974 P.2d 836
(1999). It may not be used to redraft, contradict, or modify the language nor is it
admissible to show a party’s subjective, unilateral intent. Id. at 696-97; Pelly, 2 Wn. App.
2d at 866.
In his declaration, Mr. Peterson asserted that he would not sell to Mr. Graves
without a full reservation of all above-grade development rights and that he successfully
reserved all above-grade development rights. This is inconsistent with the deed. The
deed reflects that Mr. Peterson’s reservation of above-grade development rights was
limited. It permitted residential-type improvements and allowed the repair and
replacement of existing improvements. Also in his declaration, Mr. Peterson asserted that
Mr. Graves said his only interest was to live in the house during his lifetime. We are
unsure if he meant that Mr. Graves had no intention of developing the property or if he
meant that Mr. Graves desired only a life estate. If he meant the latter, this also is
No. 37802-1-111
Peterson v. Reiter
inconsistent with the deed. The deed conveys fee simple title to Mr. Graves. It does not
reserve any present or future ownership in Mr. Peterson.
To the extent that Mr. Peterson's statements contradict the deed, they are
ineffective to contradict the deed and create an issue of material fact. 	For this reason, we
need not rule on the Reiters' motion to strike.
Affirm.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to
RCW 2.06.040.
Lawrence-Berrey, J.
j
WE CONCUR:
~~,.:r.Fearing,Y,
17
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APPENDIX
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No. 37802-1-III
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1 printed pages contain little extracted OCR body text; searchable legal-body completeness has not been established for those pages.

OCR transcription for search; preserved printed pages are authoritative

FILED

DECEMBER 14, 2021
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

DIVISION THREE
H. FREDRICK PETERSON, ) No. 37802-1-III
Appellant,
V. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
MARK H. REITER and CHRIS A.
REITER, husband and wife, )

LAWRENCE-BERREY, J. — Fredrick Peterson appeals the trial court’s summary
judgment ruling that interpreted the word “Grantee” in a deed to include the original
grantee’s successors. This interpretation permitted the Reiters, the original grantee’s
successors, to rebuild their house on the deeded property.

We interpret the word “Grantee” not in isolation, but in the context of the entire
deed to determine the intent of the original parties. The deed reflects multiple purposes
the parties sought to achieve. These purposes are frustrated if “Grantee” does not include
the original grantee’s successors. We conclude that the entirety of the agreement clearly

demonstrates that the original parties to the deed intended “‘Grantee” to include the

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
2
original grantee’s successors. We affirm the trial court.
FACTS
Fredrick Peterson is an experienced and well-established real estate developer in
the Yakima Valley. In 1982, Mr. Peterson—through his company Crescent Properties,
Inc.—obtained title via foreclosure auction to approximately 120 acres of property in the
Yakima Valley. He intended (and still intends) to develop the property into a wine-
themed development featuring a winery, commercial, recreational, and retail areas, a
resort, and residential options.
In 1986, local businessman Eldon Graves sought to purchase a house at 15 Hardy
Road, which was situated on a portion of Mr. Peterson’s property. The 7.69 acre parcel
was entirely surrounded by Mr. Peterson’s property. Mr. Peterson and Mr. Graves
negotiated the sale for months and settled on a final price of $200,000. The deed1 reads,
in pertinent part:
The Grantor, H. Fredrick Peterson . . . conveys to Eldon Graves
[15 Hardy Road]
. . . .
TOGETHER WITH 30-foot nonexclusive easement for ingress and
egress . . . . Grantor and Grantee shall share equally the cost of
maintaining such easement.
1 We attach the deed as an appendix to this opinion.

No. 37802-1-III
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3
. . . .
SUBJECT TO present and future assessments due by way of
inclusion of the property with the boundaries of Yakima County
Road Improvement District No. 69. Grantee agrees to cooperate
with and support Grantor in the prosecution of [a lawsuit brought by
Grantor, which] challenges the validity of the assessments . . . .
. . . .
SUBJECT TO use restrictions:[2] Grantor hereby reserves all
future development rights for any “above-grade improvements”
on the subject property, provided this restriction shall not
preclude the Grantee from improving the property with one or
more of the following type improvements, to-wit: landscaping; a
three-car garage; residential-type swimming pool, either outdoor or
enclosed within a compatible structure with pool decking and a bath
house; and/or the repair or replacement of existing improvements
in the event of damage or destruction of the same; and a fence
which is mutually agreed upon by the Grantor and Grantee and is of
a type architecturally consistent with other of Grantor’s property
development within the general geographic area.
THIS RESERVATION OF RIGHTS[3] shall be the property of
Grantor, retained by Grantor for the benefits of Grantor’s heirs
and/or assigns and shall constitute a property right transferrable, in
whole or part, only by document of conveyance executed by Grantor,
or Grantor’s successors or assigns. By virtue of the reservation of
development rights by Grantor, Grantee understands that the
property subject to this Deed may not be subdivided or improved
contrary to the terms of this restriction, unless Grantor conveys, in
whole or part, such development rights to Grantee or Grantee’s
assigns, by appropriate document of conveyance.
2 We refer to this paragraph as the “use restrictions” paragraph.
3 We refer to this paragraph as the “reservation of rights” paragraph.

No. 37802-1-III
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SUBJECT TO Grantor’s retained right to maintain landscaping on
the subject property.
SUBJECT TO DEVELOPMENT OF ADJOINING PROPERTY:
Grantor contemplates the possible development of adjoining property
with a winery and resort condominium complex. Grantee
acknowledges the value of such development to the subject property
and agrees to cooperate and support all applications, hearings and
proceedings with respect to the development of the property.
Specifically, it is anticipated that the development will require an
application for planned unit development and not register any
objection to such development application.
Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 108-09 (emphasis added).
In 1997, Mr. Graves refinanced the property. The refinancing loan was for
$368,000, secured by a deed of trust. The loan and security were subsequently assigned
to The First National Bank of Chicago.
In 1998, Mr. Graves defaulted on the loan. The property was reconveyed to the
bank. Mark and Chris Reiter purchased the property from the bank in November 1999 for
$270,000. In 2007, they bought a nearby parcel—11 Hardy Road. Over several years, the
Reiters spent more than $100,000 remodeling and upgrading their home, which included
building a three-car garage.
In March 2017, the Reiters’ home was completely destroyed by a fire. The home
was insured and the Reiters received insurance proceeds. They began rebuilding,
utilizing the original footprint and design. They asked Mr. Peterson for copies of his

No. 37802-1-III
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5
county-approved plans showing his proposed structures for the surrounding areas.
Throughout the years, Mr. Peterson had acquired adjoining property and his original
120 acres had expanded to 317 acres.
In July 2017, Mr. Peterson’s representative met with Mr. Reiter and discussed the
reservation of rights in the deed and Mr. Peterson’s proposed purchase of the Reiters’ two
properties on Hardy Road. The following month, Mr. Peterson spoke with Mr. Reiter
personally about the reservation of rights and again offered to purchase the two
properties. He sent a letter the following day, which read in part:
Thank you for taking the time and meeting with Kim and I yesterday. We
believe the purchase offer we made reflected a fair price for your two
properties.[4]
One item in our conversation, which I did not understand, was your
comment that the restrictions, in the original Deed (attached), “do not
impact the marketability” of your property. I don’t agree with your
observations with respect to “marketability” because the reservation of all
future development rights for any “above-grade improvements” was clearly
retained in a covenant which runs with the land.
By way of background, the deed restriction was specifically negotiated with
Eldon Graves prior to preparation of the deed and closing of the property
sale. The document is clear with respect to my future development plans
and the potential conflict the home and other improvements would create in
executing those plans. Accordingly, we negotiated the specific use
4 The record does not reflect what Mr. Peterson offered the Reiters for the two
properties. But in his complaint, he alleged that the value of 15 Hardy Road without the
house was $69,200.

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
6
restrictions with limited above-grade rights granted only to the “Grantee”—
Eldon Graves. . . .
CP at 173.
In 2019, Mr. Peterson learned that the Reiters had applied for and received a
building permit from Yakima County for a single-family residence at 15 Hardy Road.
Mr. Peterson’s counsel sent the Reiters a letter, reiterating Mr. Peterson’s prior position
and threatening suit if they continued to rebuild. The Reiters’ general contractor
responded by saying he was advised by the Reiters’ insurance company and legal counsel
to continue rebuilding the home.
Trial court proceedings
Mr. Peterson filed suit in Yakima County Superior Court seeking a declaratory
judgment that the Reiters could not construct a single-family residential structure on the
property and seeking attorney fees. The Reiters filed an answer and sought an order
declaring that they could rebuild their house and for an award of attorney fees.
Mr. Peterson eventually moved for summary judgment. He argued the use
restrictions paragraph allowed only Mr. Graves, not his successors, to repair or replace
the destroyed house. He attached a lengthy declaration in support of his motion, which
detailed many of the facts above. The declaration included purported discussions he had
with Mr. Graves prior to the sale of the property:

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
7
I disclosed to . . . Graves my plans for the development of the properties
and advised that I would not sell the property without a full reservation of
all above-grade development rights. At first, Graves rejected any
limitations or reservations on the development rights for the property.
Negotiations were at an impasse. We subsequently negotiated a significant
price reduction of $50,000 for the property in exchange for my reservation
of all “above-grade development rights.” The final purchase price for the
property was reduced to Two Hundred Thousand Dollars ($200,000). This
was well below the fair market value of the property. The price reduction
reflected the retention of above-grade development rights. Graves stated
his only interest was to live in the house during his lifetime.
CP at 85-86.
The Reiters filed a cross-motion for summary judgment. They argued that
“Grantee” included the grantee’s successor and that Mr. Peterson’s interpretation
constituted an unreasonable restraint on alienation. They also argued Mr. Peterson’s
purported discussion with Mr. Graves—who died years earlier—should be struck because
it was inadmissible under RCW 5.60.030, the dead man’s statute.
The trial court heard oral argument. After argument, the court orally denied Mr.
Peterson’s summary judgment motion and granted the Reiters’ summary judgment
motion.
The trial court did not explicitly rule on the Reiters’ motion to strike. It later
entered its summary judgment order that set forth the pleadings it considered, which
included Mr. Peterson’s declaration, without exception.

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
8
Mr. Peterson timely appealed. The Reiters did not cross-appeal the trial court’s
failure to strike portions of Mr. Peterson’s declaration.
Motion to strike filed in appellate court
The Reiters filed a motion to strike those portions of Mr. Peterson’s declaration
that contained his purported discussions with Mr. Graves. The Reiters argued that
RAP 9.13 permits them to object to the trial court’s failure to exclude those discussions
from the record. In response, Mr. Peterson argued that the motion to strike was not
appropriate in the context of a summary judgment appeal.
The motion was argued to a court commissioner. The commissioner, mindful that
this court must review the summary judgment record de novo, referred the motion to this
panel.
ANALYSIS
We review summary judgment decisions de novo. Strauss v. Premera Blue Cross,
194 Wn.2d 296, 300, 449 P.3d 640 (2019). Summary judgment is appropriate where the
pleadings, admissions on file, and affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as
to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.
CR 56(c).

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
9
The dispositive issue in this appeal is whether the term “Grantee” in the
reservation clause extends to Mr. Graves’s successors—the Reiters.
Interpretation of deed
When interpreting a deed, we aim to give effect to and enforce the intent of
the original parties. Kershaw Sunnyside Ranches, Inc. v. Yakima Interurban Lines
Ass’n, 156 Wn.2d 253, 262, 126 P.3d 16 (2006). The intent of the original parties
is determined from the deed as a whole. Sunnyside Valley Irrig. Dist. v. Dickie,
149 Wn.2d 873, 880, 73 P.3d 369 (2003). In Newport Yacht Basin Ass’n of
Condominium Owners v. Supreme Northwest, Inc., 168 Wn. App. 56, 64-65, 277
P.3d 18 (2012) (footnote omitted) (quoting Tacoma Mill Co. v. Northern Pacific
Railway Co., 89 Wash. 187, 201, 154 P. 173 (1916)), we emphasized that the best
evidence of the parties’ intent is the deed itself:
[ ]“[I]f the intention of the parties may be clearly and certainly determined
from the language they employ, recourse will not be had to extrinsic
evidence for the purpose of ascertaining their intention.”[ ] This rule is a
practical consequence of the permanent nature of real property—unlike a
contract for personal services or a sale of goods, the legal effect of a deed
will outlast the lifetimes of both grantor and grantee, ensuring that evidence
of the circumstances surrounding the transfer will become both increasingly
unreliable and increasingly unobtainable with the passage of time.
Accordingly, the language of the written instrument is the best evidence of
the intent of the original parties to a deed.

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
10
We construe deeds using the same rules of construction that apply to contracts.
Pelly v. Panasyuk, 2 Wn. App. 2d 848, 864, 413 P.3d 619 (2018). Washington courts
follow the objective manifestation theory of contracts. Hearst Commc’ns, Inc. v. Seattle
Times Co., 154 Wn.2d 493, 503, 115 P.3d 262 (2005). This approach requires us to focus
on the “intention corresponding to the reasonable meaning of the words used” giving
those words their “ordinary, usual, and popular meaning unless the entirety of the
agreement clearly demonstrates a contrary intent.” Id. at 503-04.
The parties dispute the meaning of the term “Grantee” in the use restrictions
paragraph. Mr. Peterson argues it means only Mr. Graves, the original grantee in the
transaction. The Reiters argue it means Mr. Graves and his successors. The term is not
defined in the deed. Courts may look to the dictionary definition to determine the
ordinary meaning of an undefined term. Quinault Indian Nation v. Imperium Terminal
Servs., LLC, 187 Wn.2d 460, 477, 387 P.3d 670 (2017).
“Grantee” is defined as “one to whom a grant is made.” WEBSTER’S THIRD NEW
INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY 989 (1993). The legal definition is similar: “[o]ne to whom
property is conveyed.” BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 845 (11th ed. 2019). If we were to
focus on only one word in the deed, Mr. Peterson’s interpretation would prevail: Mr.
Graves is the “one to whom” Mr. Peterson’s grant was made. But we do not focus on one

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
11
word when interpreting deeds. We look at the deed as a whole. Sunnyside Valley, 149
Wn.2d at 880.
In his reply brief, Mr. Peterson agrees that the term “Grantee” must be given a
consistent meaning throughout the deed. If “Grantee” means only Mr. Graves throughout
the deed, this would frustrate the purpose of multiple provisions in the deed. For
example, it would require Mr. Peterson and Mr. Graves to share the cost of maintaining
the 30-foot access easement, but would not require Mr. Graves’s successors to share the
cost. It would require Mr. Graves to cooperate and support Mr. Peterson in his lawsuit
against Yakima County, but would not require Mr. Graves’s successors to do so. It would
require Mr. Graves to cooperate and support Mr. Peterson’s winery and resort
development applications, but would not require Mr. Graves’s successors to do so.
It is evident from the deed that Mr. Peterson’s purpose was to ensure that 15 Hardy
Road did not detract from the value of his future winery and resort. He did this by
reserving the right to disapprove the fence surrounding the property if it was not
architecturally consistent with his development and also by retaining the right to maintain
landscaping on the property. This purpose would be frustrated if Mr. Graves’s successors
could not repair the existing house, resulting in a dilapidated structure next to an upscale
winery and resort.

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
12
It also is evident from the deed that Mr. Peterson conveyed the right to make
residential-type improvements to the property, but reserved to himself the right to develop
the property. Specifically, in the use restrictions paragraph, he allowed landscaping, a
three-car garage, and a residential-type swimming pool with decking and a bath house.
But in the reservation of rights paragraph that followed, he prohibited subdividing,
improving, or developing the property contrary to the listed residential-type
improvements. To enforce this prohibition, he required “Grantee or Grantee’s assigns” to
obtain from him an appropriate document of conveyance if they sought to develop the
property. CP at 109.
Mr. Peterson’s strongest argument that “Grantee” means Mr. Graves only is that
the term “assigns” is used in the deed once, in the reservation of rights paragraph. CP at
109. He argues that because the parties included the term “assigns” once in the deed, they
purposefully omitted that and similar terms elsewhere. This singular argument does not
persuade us to adopt an interpretation that frustrates multiple purposes of the deed. We
conclude that the entirety of the deed clearly demonstrates that Mr. Peterson and Mr.
Graves intended “Grantee,” as used throughout the deed, to include Mr. Graves’s
successors.

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
13
Personal covenants
Mr. Peterson next argues that the use restriction paragraph contains a personal
covenant rather than one that runs with the land because it does not include the words
“heirs and assigns” following “Grantee.” He cites two cases to support this contention:
Ellensburg Lodge No. 20, I.O.O.F. v. Collins, 68 Wash. 94, 122 P. 602 (1912) and Feider
v. Feider, 40 Wn. App. 589, 699 P.2d 801 (1985).
In Ellensburg Lodge, adjoining property owners entered into a party wall
agreement that provided for future cost sharing of a common wall between them. 68
Wash. at 95. The agreement named the original parties and did not state it was binding on
successors or assigns. Id. at 97. The property owners sold their land and a dispute arose
between subsequent owners. The court explained that a personal covenant is made when
“‘there are no words indicating that the right to receive payment shall pass to his
assigns’” whereas a covenant runs with the land when “‘the language used is between the
parties and their assigns.’” Id. (quoting Hoffman v. Dickson, 47 Wash. 431, 92 P. 272
(1907)). However, the court held that the obligations of the party wall had passed
through successor deeds that expressly incorporated the party wall agreement,
notwithstanding the fact that the agreement did not expressly mention assigns. Id. at 98.

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
14
In Feider, two brothers entered into an agreement that constituted a right of first
refusal. 40 Wn. App. at 590. The agreement was not recorded until one of the brothers
died and the other brother had sold his property to a third party. Id. at 591. The deceased
brother’s heirs filed suit, seeking specific performance or damages for breach. Id. The
trial court dismissed the action on summary judgment, finding the right of first refusal did
not run with the land and was thus a personal contract. Id. at 592. The heirs appealed.
This court affirmed, holding that the right of first refusal was not an interest in
land and was presumed effective only for a reasonable time. Id. Accordingly, the right of
first refusal was not enforceable by the deceased brother’s heirs and summary judgment
was properly granted against them. Id. at 590-92.
These cases are not particularly helpful to Mr. Peterson. Both concern written
contracts independent from any conveyance of real property. Other than addressing
issues of personal versus real covenants, the cases do little to support Mr. Peterson’s
position because they are factually dissimilar in significant ways. Notably, they do not
analyze which rights and restrictions are conveyed in a deed. Ellensburg Lodge is—if
anything—more helpful to the Reiters because the court found the party wall agreement
(which did not mention assigns) passed to assigns through a successor deed that

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
15
referenced the agreement. And Feider involves a right to first refusal, which is a personal
covenant not at issue here.
Document of conveyance
Mr. Peterson next argues that the reservation of rights paragraph requires the
Reiters to obtain from him a document of conveyance if they want to rebuild their house.
We disagree.
As explained earlier, the reservation of rights paragraph requires Mr. Graves or his
assigns to obtain from Mr. Peterson an appropriate document of conveyance before
subdividing or improving the property contrary to the use restrictions paragraph. Here,
the Reiters sought only to rebuild their house, an improvement that existed in 1987,
something allowed in the use restrictions paragraph. Because the Reiters did not seek to
improve the property contrary to the use restriction paragraph, they did not need to obtain
an appropriate document of conveyance from Mr. Peterson.
Extrinsic evidence
Mr. Peterson contends that extrinsic evidence should not have been considered
because there was no ambiguity in the deed. The Reiters argue that Mr. Peterson himself
offered extrinsic evidence that contradicts his position, and extrinsic evidence may be
used to help ascertain the meaning of the deed. We need not address Mr. Peterson’s

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter
16
contention because extrinsic evidence plays no role in our decision to affirm the trial
court’s ruling. We nevertheless explain why we have discounted portions of Mr.
Peterson’s declaration that involve his discussions with Mr. Graves.
“Extrinsic evidence is to be used to illuminate what was written, not what was
intended to be written.” Hollis v. Garwall, Inc., 137 Wn.2d 683, 697, 974 P.2d 836
(1999). It may not be used to redraft, contradict, or modify the language nor is it
admissible to show a party’s subjective, unilateral intent. Id. at 696-97; Pelly, 2 Wn. App.
2d at 866.
In his declaration, Mr. Peterson asserted that he would not sell to Mr. Graves
without a full reservation of all above-grade development rights and that he successfully
reserved all above-grade development rights. This is inconsistent with the deed. The
deed reflects that Mr. Peterson’s reservation of above-grade development rights was
limited. It permitted residential-type improvements and allowed the repair and
replacement of existing improvements. Also in his declaration, Mr. Peterson asserted that
Mr. Graves said his only interest was to live in the house during his lifetime. We are
unsure if he meant that Mr. Graves had no intention of developing the property or if he
meant that Mr. Graves desired only a life estate. If he meant the latter, this also is

No. 37802-1-111
Peterson v. Reiter
inconsistent with the deed. The deed conveys fee simple title to Mr. Graves. It does not
reserve any present or future ownership in Mr. Peterson.
To the extent that Mr. Peterson's statements contradict the deed, they are
ineffective to contradict the deed and create an issue of material fact. 	For this reason, we
need not rule on the Reiters' motion to strike.
Affirm.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to
RCW 2.06.040.
Lawrence-Berrey, J.
j
WE CONCUR:
~~,.:r.Fearing,Y,
17

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter

APPENDIX

18

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter

“ - own EXCISE TAS
m pre BoD 3
Filed for record by and recurn to: 0 ” anf Oly Le
JAMES C. CARMODY prio $F OO
VELIKANJE, MOORE & SHORE, INC,, P.S. pec. NO. a,
405 East Lincoln Crise ines
Yakima, Washington 98901 ON a Gaenty T B

DE
The Grantor, H, FREDRICK FETERSOH, as <Asedgnoxs of Greooent Propertion,
Tncerporeted, o dlevulvead BasliLugiuw uwoerpuratiun, Cur ond in consideration of TEN AND
NU/LUU DULLARS and other valuable consideration in hand paid, conveys to ELDOW GRAVES the
following dearribed real eetere, oftunted in the County of Yakima, State of Washington:

Parcel 1 of short plat a8 retorded tm Volume "S87" of Short Plate, page 10,
records of Yakima County, State of Washington in aceordanee with that certain
Agreament a6 to Short Plot recorded under Auditor's File Ho, 2754154, records of
Yakima County, Washington.

TOGETHER WITH water, water righte and matters appertaining thereto.

TOGETHER WITH 30-foot nonexclusive easement for ingress and egress, and public
utilities, ag presently located. Grantor and Grantee shall share equally the
coat of maintaining such easement,

TOGETHER WITH GREENDELT: Grantor agrees that a 30-foot strip of real property
adjoining the aubject property on the North will be planted by Grantor to a land=
Bcaped greenbelt. The greenbelt shall be planted in conjunetion with the
development by Grantor of adjoining property. In the event that Grantor develops
the adjoining property with a winery-oondomininm project, Granter further agrees
to plant the greenbelt with landscape ecreening in a manner consistent with the
other ploncinga within che developmen,

SUBJECT TO preoent and future asocoomento due by woy of incluoien of the property
within the Boundaries of Yakims County Road Improvement Districe No. 69. Grantee
agrees to cooperate with ond support Grantor in the prosecution of that certain
laweudt designated ao H. Fredrick Paterson v. Yakima County, being Yakiea County
Gupeciov Court Cause Nu. O5-2-02003-0, which lewoult challenges cw valldlcy of
aegegamente arieing from the creation of Yakine County Road Improvement District
No. 69; such assessments being levied againat both the subject property and
adjoining parcels of land, The agreement with Yakinea County with reapect to the
subject property requires that all pest due assesemente be paid into Court pend-
ing final determination of litigation. Im the event that Grantor is successful
in auch litigation, the portion of assessments paid by Grantee shall be returned
to Grantee, subject to offuct for proportionate share of all costes of litigation,
including reasonable attorney's fees, Grantor shall control auch litigation and
shall be the sole person responsible for detereination of the course of litiga-
tion, settlement or compromise of cloima or decisions with respect to any other
SEPECE GL thé Litigation.

ina Yo172]

Wun 42374]

SUBJECT TO oil and gac lease oo disolesed by decument reserdad of reoord under
Yakima County Auditor's File Mo. 2583453,

STRIRCT TO gagement and right ef way in fever of United States of America, ne
disclosed by documenc recorded under Yakima County Auditor's Tile No. 1155229.

SUBJECT TO earement in faver of Pacifie Power & Light Campany, an dfacioned hy
dnotcumente recorded under Yakima Gounty Auditer"s File Wo. LIT7O77 and 1361564.

SUBJECT TO reatrictiong, {ff any, aa disclosed by inatromenta recorded under
Yakima County Auditor's File Hoe. 2270719 and 23239848,

SUBJECT TO restrictions, if any, a6 disclosed by inatrument recorded under Yakima
County Auditor's File No. 2505398,

=]|-

ornew arms 2? OO 2%) 1204 ChRAOO 108

19

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter

SURTECT TO future aivecementa by way of dinclugieon within weed and mesquite con-
txul districis,

SUBJECT TO uge restrictions: Grantor hereby reserves all future development
rights for any “above-grade improvements" on the subject property, provided thie
restriction shall not preclude the Grantee from improving the property with one
or more of the following type improvements, to-wit: landscaping; a three-car
gerage; residential-type swimming pool, either outdoor or enclosed within a com=
patible structure with pool decking and a bath house; and/or the repair or
Teplacesent of existing improvements in the event of damage or destruction of the
same; and a fence vhich is mutually ogreed upon by Grantor and Grantee and is of
a type architecturally consiatent with other of Grantor's property development
within the general geographic area.

THIS RESERVATION OF RIGHTS shall be the property of Grantor, retained by Grantor
fer the banefite of Grantor's hedre end/oct seeigoe and shall constitute a proper-
ty eight transferrable, tu whele vr pert, unly by document of conveyance execuced
by Grantor, or Grantor's successors or assigns. By virtue of the reservation of
development righte by Granter, Grantee understands that the property oubjeet to
this Deed may nor be subdivided or improved contrary to the terms of thie
restriction, unlesa Grantor conveys, in whole or part, such development rights to
Grantee or Gramtec's assigns, by appropriate doeument of eonveyonec.

SUBJECT TO Grantor's retained right to maintain landscaping om the subject pro-
perty.

SUBJECT TO DEVELOPMENT OF ADJOINING PROPERTY: Grantor contemplates the possible

development of adjoining property with a winery and resort condominium complex.
Granteé acknowledges the value of such development to the subject property and
agrees to cooperate and support all applicationa, hearings and proceedings with
reepect to the development of the property. Gpecifically, it is anticipated that
the development will require an application tort planned unit developaant and not
register any objection to auch development application,

Grantee agrees that the contemplated developmpent is in thé formative stages, and
Granter ie not obligated te proceed or complete such development. Grantee epe-
elfically agrees gunl ackuowledges that Grantor vetelos, without limitatiuu, full
and couplete ownership and development righte with respect to the adjoining
Property in any manner or for any lawful purpore ar may be determined by Granter
frum cloe ev cine.

Grantee acknowledges that Grantor has either inapected or had the opportunity to
inspect the property being sold herein. It is agreed that no representations, warrantics
or guarantees have been made by Grantor, or by any agent or person on behalf of Grantor, in
any respect as to the condition, quality or valwve of the property. Grantee has relied upon
nO representations, warranties or guarantees of Grantor, or amy agent or person on behalf
of Grantor, aa an inducement to this sale.

De dod
WITHEBA thé hand of aaid Granror rhis @+ day of danuary, 1987. Qa

KK Kh

H, Fredrick See ETD

Ye det ke
A, Fredrick Pecatacs Senridant
and Assignee of Crescent
Proportion, Ineorporatod, a
Dissolved Washington corporacion.

ate

37804204 i90#~ 000109
20

No. 37802-1-III
Peterson v. Reiter

STATE OF WASHINGTON)
. J es.
Coumty of ‘ )

ON THIS DAY personally appeared before me H. FREDRICK PETERSON, ..t0*mé known to
be the individual described in and who executed the within and foregoing: instrumetit . and
acknowledged that he signed the same os his free and voluntary act and” deed, £0
and putpeses therein mentioned. : eee ;
Hsia ite. ave

™ ra i

GIVEN tinder my hand and of fietal seal thia

MUTARY PUBLIC. ‘
of Washington! resid:
Commission expires

STATE OF WASHINGTON)

) oa,
Comey oF UK Geik

on urs .ftaey of debra itay, before me, the undereigned, a Norary Pohiie
in and for the State of Washington, duly commiesdoned and evorn, personally appeared H.
FREDRICK PETERSON, to se known te be the Agaignee of CRESCENT PROPERTIES, INCORFORATED, a
dissolved Washington corporation, the corporation that executed the foregoing inatromont,
and acknowledged the said‘inetrument to be the free and voluntary act and deed of eodid
corporation, for the uses and purposes therein mentioned, and on cath stated that he in
authorized to execute the -said dnatrument and that the aeal affimead (if arly) is the
corporate geal of said corporation. Cie

written.

fobary I : i
of ender eiie rebiding.
Commiseion expires _ 3

fale Agee

Hi 3 uf 35 PRG)

BETTIE fy ati Ab
aupiioa

=j=

37802% 150@P 000110
21

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