State v. Joseph J. Goff

COURT OF APPEALS
DECISION NOTICE
DATED AND FILED This opinion is subject to further editing. If
published, the official version will appear in
the bound volume of the Official Reports.
March 20, 2024
A party may file with the Supreme Court a
Samuel A. Christensen petition to review an adverse decision by the
Clerk of Court of Appeals Court of Appeals. See WIS. STAT. § 808.10
and RULE 809.62.

Appeal Nos. 2023AP824-CR Cir. Ct. Nos. 2021CF41
2021CF111
2023AP825-CR

STATE OF WISCONSIN IN COURT OF APPEALS
DISTRICT II

STATE OF WISCONSIN,

PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT,

V.

JOSEPH J. GOFF,

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

APPEAL from judgments and an order of the circuit court for
Waukesha County: DENNIS P. MORONEY and JENNIFER R. DOROW,
Judges. Affirmed.

Before Gundrum, P.J., Neubauer and Lazar, JJ.

Per curiam opinions may not be cited in any court of this state as precedent

or authority, except for the limited purposes specified in WIS. STAT. RULE 809.23(3).
Nos. 2023AP824-CR
2023AP825-CR

¶1 PER CURIAM. In these consolidated cases, Joseph J. Goff appeals
from judgments of conviction and an order denying his motion for postconviction
relief. He claims the sentencing court erroneously exercised its discretion in
sentencing him because it “failed to consider the ‘gravity of the offense.’” For the
following reasons, we affirm.

Background

¶2 The State charged Goff with thirty-seven criminal counts, spread
over two different cases. At a plea and sentencing hearing held on December 20,
2021, Goff pled to nine counts—six for misappropriation of identifying
information, one for attempted burglary, one for burglary, and one for bail
jumping. The other twenty-eight counts were dismissed and read in, as was
another count for misappropriation of identifying information related to a third
case.

¶3 At the plea portion of the hearing, the circuit court 1 went through
each of the nine counts to which Goff was pleading and on which he was being
sentenced that day, identifying each count by name and explaining the maximum
sentence attached to each count. The court noted that the burglary and attempted
burglary counts were of a “dwelling,” one in the Village of Hartland and one in the
City of New Berlin, and that each of the misappropriation counts were “for
financial gain” and stemmed from Goff utilizing “a Landmark Credit Union credit
card and debit cards” of a resident from New Berlin, an “ExxonMobil credit card”

1
The Honorable Dennis P. Moroney presided over the plea and sentencing hearing. The
Honorable Jennifer P. Dorow entered the judgments of conviction and the order denying
postconviction relief.

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of another resident from that city, a “Visa platinum credit card” of a resident from
the Village of Pewaukee, a “Master Card” of a Village of North Prairie resident, a
credit card of a resident of the Village of Hartland, and the debit card of another
victim. Related to the bail jumping charge, the court noted that on January 6,
2021, in the Village of Hartland, Goff failed to comply with the terms of his bond.
The court further specified that each of the misappropriation counts related to Goff
misappropriating the identifying information “for the purpose of obtaining
money.” The court accepted Goff’s pleas, informed Goff of their impact on his
right to vote and carry a firearm, and then pivoted right into sentencing.

¶4 The State prosecutor explained to the circuit court that Goff’s
“property crime rampage” took place from October 2020 through January 2021,
“spanned 6 different municipalities,” and had twelve separate victims, resulting in
thirty-eight counts. “Most involved auto entries,” the prosecutor explained, “but
some then progressed to identity thefts when [Goff] would use transaction cards
from the vehicles that he stole from and then make purchases.” The prosecutor
also explained that the burglary charge was for “unlawful home entry” and
discussed Goff’s prior convictions for burglary, drug charges, forgery and theft,
with other charges being dismissed and read in.

¶5 Counsel for Goff acknowledged that Goff had “the same or similar
crimes pending” in another county, but emphasized that Goff is “essentially a
recovering [heroin] addict.” Goff’s mother spoke to say that Goff “is really a
good man … that did bad things … because of his addiction.” Counsel then noted
that “these are property crimes—[n]obody got raped or murdered or anything like
that. Certainly, there’s a fear in people … that they [will] have for the rest of their

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lives.” Goff spoke next and, among other things, apologized for his criminal
conduct.

¶6 In pronouncing sentence, the circuit court noted that “[a]ddictive
situations have destroyed more than you and other people in this community.”
The court referred to “all these people that you hurt, including yourself, including
your family that had faith in you, to let them down. And all because the simple
word relapse.” “[I]t’s all a bunch of selfish behavior,” the court stated. “You put
yourself and drugs ahead of everything else…. Once you ingest and you lose
control of yourself and who you are, you buy on to what happens.” The court
spoke of Goff “tak[ing] advantage of people by taking their stuff” and stated that it
could tell from listening to Goff’s mother that “[s]he told you from a little boy on,
you do two things in this world: You don’t take things from other people, and you
don’t hurt other people.” “[Y]ou certainly would not let this happen or want to
have this happen to your mother,” the court stated. “And there are things you did
here that involved someone else’s mother, father, etcetera. And they cared. You
didn’t care. Just another victim as far as you’re concerned, just to perpetuate …
what you wanted for your own self-benefit and your self-aggrandizement.”

¶7 The circuit court expressed that “that type of behavior” should not be
excused on the basis of a defendant saying “he didn’t mean it.” The court

ha[s] a duty to you, to this community, to hold people
accountable and to have victims feel like they can be
possibly made whole again which is always unlikely.
They’ll always have the scars of this type of uncertainty
and mistrust, if you will, of people. That’s a terrible feeling
to have. And, you know, all I can tell you is that yes,
you’ve perpetuated that.

So I do look at that seriously.

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The court spoke of “the seriousness of all of these offenses, the cumulative aspect
of it. The amount of wrong that you’ve done to so many people.” The court also
spoke of the need for it to “protect society from this type of behavior” and to
consider “the effect of this on the people … that you harmed and everybody else
that ha[s] to deal with this type of behavior, during the course of their life.”
Punishing Goff was necessary, according to the court, “so that you’re finally
deterred and won’t even think twice about doing this kind of thing again upon
your release.”

¶8 The circuit court sentenced Goff to consecutive sentences of one
year initial confinement and one year extended supervision on each count, for a
total of nine years initial confinement and nine years extended supervision.

¶9 Goff moved for postconviction relief, asserting the circuit court
erroneously exercised its discretion in sentencing him by not considering the
gravity of the offenses of which he was convicted. The court denied the motion,
concluding it had adequately considered the gravity of the offenses. Goff appeals.

Discussion

¶10 In sentencing a defendant, a circuit court “must consider three
primary factors: (1) the protection of the public; (2) the gravity of the offense; and
(3) the rehabilitative needs of the defendant.” State v. Bolstad, 2021 WI App 81,
¶14, 399 Wis. 2d 815, 967 N.W.2d 164. “Proper sentencing discretion can exist
without [explicitly identifying the] sentencing factors; what is required is a
consideration of the sentencing factors.” Id., ¶16 (alteration in original; quoting
State v. Wegner, 2000 WI App 231, ¶7, 239 Wis. 2d 96, 619 N.W.2d 289). On
appeal, we are required to “closely scrutinize the record to ensure that ‘discretion

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was in fact exercised and the basis of that exercise of discretion [is] set forth.”
State v. Gallion, 2004 WI 42, ¶4, 270 Wis. 2d 535, 678 N.W.2d 197 (alteration in
original). While “the absence of evidence in the record that the court considered
the gravity factor would amount to an erroneous exercise of discretion,” Bolstad,
399 Wis. 2d 815, ¶23, we will “sustain [the] sentence” if the record demonstrates
that the required factors—here, specifically the gravity of the offense—were
considered, id., ¶24. On appeal, we determine “only whether ‘there is evidence
that discretion was properly exercised, and the sentence imposed was the product
of that discretion.’” Id., ¶19 (quoting McCleary v. State, 49 Wis. 2d 263, 281, 182
N.W.2d 512 (1971)). If the record shows that the circuit court did exercise its
discretion, we “follow[] a consistent and strong policy against interference with
the discretion of the [circuit] court in passing sentence.” Gallion, 270 Wis. 2d
535, ¶18 (citation omitted).

¶11 Goff relies heavily upon our decision in Bolstad for his contention
that the circuit court here failed to consider the gravity of his offenses when
sentencing him. The case now before us, however, bears little similarity to
Bolstad.

¶12 In Bolstad, the circuit court’s remarks at sentencing “lack[ed] any
reference whatsoever to the gravity of the underlying offense for which Bolstad
was being sentenced.” 399 Wis. 2d 815, ¶25 (emphasis added). Indeed, while the
circuit court referenced its sentencing hearing with Bolstad two years earlier, in
which it placed him on probation, id., ¶¶4, 25, at the sentencing-after-revocation
hearing underlying the appeal, the court “did not identify th[e] crime, mention any
facts relating to that crime, or refer in any way to the court’s consideration of the
gravity of his criminal conduct,” id., ¶25. We stated that we could “see nothing in

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the record from which we c[ould] discern that the circuit court considered the
gravity of the underlying offense,” id., ¶26 (emphasis added), and we
reemphasized that there was an “absence of … any indication in the record that the
circuit court considered the gravity of the underlying offense.” Id., ¶27 (emphasis
added). It was for this reason that we stated we “lack[ed] a sufficient basis to
conclude that the court applied the correct legal standard” and determined the
court “erroneously exercised its discretion when sentencing Bolstad after
revocation.” Id. “[T]he question,” as we stated it, “is whether there is something
in the record that shows that the court here considered the gravity of the offense….
It is precisely the absence in the record of any reference related to the gravity or
the facts of the underlying criminal conduct that shows that the circuit court failed
to consider the gravity of Bolstad’s underlying offense as it was required to do,
and erroneously exercised its discretion as a result.” Id., ¶37 (emphases added).

¶13 Goff’s sentencing differs notably from Bolstad’s. In Bolstad, the
circuit court failed to even mention the single crime under consideration and
made, as we noted, no comments whatsoever related to the seriousness of the
crime. Id., ¶25. By contrast, here the court identified by name each of the
individual nine counts to which Goff was pleading, along with the maximum
sentence associated with each. The court noted the various communities around
Waukesha County in which the crimes took place, the burglary-related offenses
were to dwellings (as opposed to, for example, business property), the
misappropriation counts related to numerous victims, and the misappropriating of
victims’ credit and debit cards was for the purpose of stealing money for himself.
The prosecutor detailed Goff’s “property crime rampage” and counsel for Goff
emphasized that “[n]obody got raped or murdered or anything like that,” but
acknowledged that the victims would have to live with fear “for the rest of their

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lives.” Following those comments from the State and defense, the court addressed
Goff regarding “all these people that you hurt,” “tak[ing] advantage of” them with
his “selfish behavior,” and that he “let … down” his family. The court expressed
that Goff “would not … want to have this happen to [his own] mother,” yet his
criminal actions harmed “someone else’s mother, father, etcetera. And they cared.
You didn’t care.” It was just for Goff’s “self-benefit.” The court stated it was
unlikely Goff’s victims would be “made whole again,” because “[t]hey’ll always
have the scars of this type of uncertainty and mistrust … of people,” and it
emphasized to Goff that “yes, you’ve perpetuated that.” The court added, “[s]o I
do look at that seriously.” The court spoke of “the seriousness of all of these
offenses, the cumulative aspect of it. The amount of wrong that you’ve done to so
many people.” Furthermore, having just ordered the other twenty-eight counts
dismissed and read in moments earlier, the court was well aware that more damage
was done to other victims and communities than just those recognized by the nine
counts to which the defendant pled.2

¶14 Based upon the totality of the plea and sentencing hearing, we are
satisfied that the record here demonstrates that in sentencing Goff, the circuit court
considered the gravity of Goff’s “property crime rampage” and properly exercised
its sentencing discretion.

2
The circuit court asked Goff and his counsel if it could “use the facts as set forth in the
respective criminal complaints” as support for Goff’s pleas, and each answered in the affirmative.
The court then found there was a factual basis for each of his pleas. Although the court
articulated sufficient consideration of the gravity of the offenses during its comments at
sentencing, the complaints provide even more support and specifics related to the gravity of the
offenses. See State v. Bolstad, 2021 WI App 81, ¶38, 399 Wis. 2d 815, 967 N.W.2d 164
(suggesting a circuit court’s reference to the criminal complaint may provide support for
establishing the court’s consideration of the gravity of the offenses at sentencing).

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By the Court.—Judgments and order affirmed.

This opinion will not be published. See WIS. STAT.
RULE 809.23(1)(b)5. (2021-22).

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