Basic Forms of Non-Ferrous Metals

Published CBP guidance; operative status and applicability must be assessed from the retained publisher edition.

What Every Member of the
Trade Community Should Know About:
Basic Forms of Non-
Ferrous Metals

AN INFORMED COMPLIANCE PUBLICATION
SEPTEMBER 2015
CBP Publication # 0495-0316

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September 2015

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NOTICE:

This publication is intended to provide guidance and information to the trade community.
It reflects the position on or interpretation of the applicable laws or regulations by U.S.
Customs and Border Protection (CBP) as of the date of publication, which is shown on
the front cover. It does not in any way replace or supersede those laws or regulations.
Only the latest official version of the laws or regulations is authoritative.

Publication History

First Published: May 2005
Reviewed with No Changes March 2006
Reviewed with No Changes February 2008
Revised September 2015

PRINTING NOTE:

This publication was designed for electronic distribution via the CBP website
(http://www.cbp.gov) and is being distributed in a variety of formats. It was originally set
up in Microsoft Word 2003
®
. Pagination and margins in downloaded versions may vary
depending upon which word processor or printer you use. If you wish to maintain the
original settings, you may wish to download the .pdf version, which can then be printed
using the freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader
®
.

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PREFACE

On December 8, 1993, Title VI of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation
Act (Pub. L. 103-182, 107 Stat. 2057), also known as the Customs Modernization or “Mod” Act,
became effective. These provisions amended many sections of the Tariff Act of 1930 and
related laws.

Two new concepts that emerge from the Mod Act are “informed compliance” and “shared
responsibility,” which are premised on the idea that in order to maximize voluntary compliance
with laws and regulations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the trade community needs to
be clearly and completely informed of its legal obligations. Accordingly, the Mod Act imposes a
greater obligation on CBP to provide the public with improved information concerning the trade
community's rights and responsibilities under customs regulations and related laws. In addition,
both the trade and U.S. Customs and Border Protection share responsibility for carrying out
these requirements. For example, under Section 484 of the Tariff Act, as amended (19 U.S.C.
1484), the importer of record is responsible for using reasonable care to enter, classify and
determine the value of imported merchandise and to provide any other information necessary to
enable U.S. Customs and Border Protection to properly assess duties, collect accurate
statistics, and determine whether other applicable legal requirements, if any, have been met.
CBP is then responsible for fixing the final classification and value of the merchandise. An
importer of record’s failure to exercise reasonable care could delay release of the merchandise
and, in some cases, could result in the imposition of penalties.

Regulations and Rulings (RR) of the Office of International Trade has been given a major role in
meeting the informed compliance responsibilities of U.S. Customs and Border Protection. In
order to provide information to the public, CBP has issued a series of informed compliance
publications on new or revised requirements, regulations or procedures, and a variety of
classification and valuation issues.

This publication, prepared by the National Commodity Specialist Division of Regulations and
Rulings is entitled “Basic Forms of Non-Ferrous Metals”. It provides guidance regarding the
classification of these items. We sincerely hope that this material, together with seminars and
increased access to rulings of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, will help the trade
community to improve voluntary compliance with customs laws and to understand the relevant
administrative processes.

The material in this publication is provided for general information purposes only. Because
many complicated factors can be involved in customs issues, an importer may wish to obtain a
ruling under Part 177, CBP Regulations, (19 CFR Part 177), or to obtain advice from an expert
who specializes in customs matters, for example, a licensed customs broker, attorney or
consultant.

Comments and suggestions are welcomed and should be addressed to U.S. Customs and
Border Protection, Office of International Trade, Executive Director, Regulations and Rulings,
90 K Street N.E. 10
th
floor, Washington, D.C. 20229-1177.

Harold Singer
Acting Executive Director, Regulations and Rulings
Office of International Trade

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INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................7
Non-Ferrous Metals...............................................................................................................7
Unwrought Products..............................................................................................................7
Alloys.....................................................................................................................................8
BASIC FORMS OF NON-FERROUS METAL PRODUCTS..................................................9

BARS AND RODS.......................................................................................9

WIRE............................................................................................................9
Types of wire include the following:......................................................................................11
Strand...................................................................................................................................11
Rope and Cable....................................................................................................................11
Ribbon..................................................................................................................................11
Insulated electric wire...........................................................................................................11
Welding Wire........................................................................................................................11

PLATES, SHEETS, STRIP AND FOIL......................................................11
Foil.......................................................................................................................................12
Backed Foil..........................................................................................................................12
Coated Foil..........................................................................................................................12

PROFILES.................................................................................................12
Hollow profile.......................................................................................................................12

TUBES AND PIPES...................................................................................13
Pipe Fittings.........................................................................................................................13

WASTE AND SCRAP................................................................................14

ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING........................................14

QUESTIONS TO ASK................................................................................14

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION...................................................................15
The Internet..........................................................................................................................15
Customs Regulations...........................................................................................................15
Customs Bulletin..................................................................................................................15
Importing Into the United States...........................................................................................16
Informed Compliance Publications.......................................................................................16
Value Publications................................................................................................................17
“Your Comments are Important” ..........................................................................................18

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I. INTRODUCTION

Non-Ferrous Metals

Non-ferrous metals (i.e., base metals not composed primarily of iron or steel) are
classified under Chapters 74 through 81 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the
United States (HTSUS). They consist of the following base metals:

Chapter Metal
74 - Copper (Cu)
75 - Nickel (Ni)
76 - Aluminum (Al)
78 - Lead (Pb)
79 - Zinc (Zn)
80 - Tin (Sn)
81 - Tungsten (Wolfram)(W), Molybdenum (Mo), Tantalum (Ta), Magnesium
(Mg), Cobalt (Co), Bismuth (Bi), Cadmium (Cd), Titanium (Ti), Zirconium (Zr),
Antimony (Sb), Manganese (Mn), Beryllium (Be), Chromium (Cr),
Germanium (Ge), Vanadium (V), Thallium (Ti), Gallium (Ga), Hafnium (Hf),
Indium (In), Niobium (Nb) (Columbium (Cb)) and Rhenium (Re).

Unwrought Products

All of the HTSUS chapters that provide for non-ferrous metals include headings for
“unwrought” products. The term “unwrought” is defined in Section XV, Additional U.S.
Note 1, HTSUS, as follows:

For the purposes of this [Section XV], the term “unwrought” refers
to metal, whether or not refined, in the form of ingots, blocks,
lumps, billets, cakes, slabs, pigs, cathodes, anodes,
1
briquettes,
cubes, sticks, grains, sponge, pellets, flattened pellets, rounds,
rondelles, shot and similar manufactured primary forms, but does
not cover rolled, forged, drawn or extruded products, tubular
products or cast or sintered forms which have been machined or

1
Anodes that are cast to be further refined by electrolysis and are imported as simple, one-piece cast items are
classified as unwrought metals, even if they have cast lugs for suspending. See ENs 74.02 and 75.02. For example,
if the anode were used for an electroplating process, it would be classified as an article of base metal rather than an
unwrought product. See ENs 74.19, 75.08 and 79.07. This type of anode would generally be of a high purity and
fitted or prepared with hooks. On the other hand, if the anode is used for cathodic protection, and it is a finished
product, then its classification is determined by its metal component. For example, if it is made of zinc, the good
would be classified in HTSUS heading 7907; if of aluminum, in heading 7616, HTSUS, etc. See EN 79.07 and New
York Ruling Letter (NY) 815325 (October 12, 1995.) However, please note that if the anode is made of
magnesium, it would be considered a part in heading 8543, HTSUS. See Section XVI, Note 2; CBP Ruling Letter
NY A80265 (February 28, 1996) and CBP Ruling Letter HQ 965250 (November 20, 2001).

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processed otherwise than by simple trimming, scalping or
descaling.
2

It is important to note that the term “unwrought” is not tied to a particular manufacturing
process – such as hot rolling or forging – but rather, it refers to a product at an
intermediate stage of the manufacturing process (i.e., forms that have undergone some
processing, but must undergo further processing before they appear in an eventual final
product). See Anval Nyby Powder AB v. United States, 20 CIT 608, 616 (1996). See
also CBP Ruling HQ H027436 (April 16, 2009) (titanium billets classified in subheading
8108.20.00, HTSUS, as unwrought titanium because they had not been worked into a
finished condition).

Powders of metals are considered unwrought. For tariff purposes, a powder is defined
as "a product of which 90 percent or more by weight passes through a sieve having a
mesh aperture of 1 mm.” See Section XV, Note 8(b), HTSUS.

Alloys

The classification of alloys (other than ferroalloys and master alloys as defined in
chapters 72 and 74) is subject to Section XV, Notes 5 and 6. Section XV, Note 5
provides as follows:

5. Classification of alloys (other than ferroalloys and master alloys as defined
in chapters 72 and 74):

(a) An alloy of base metals is to be classified as an alloy of the metal
which predominates by weight over each of the other metals.
(b) An alloy composed of base metals of this section and of elements not
falling within this section is to be treated as an alloy of base metals in
this section if the total weight of such metals equals or exceeds the
total weight of the other elements present. See Note 5(a), above.
(c) In this section the term “alloys” includes sintered mixtures of metal
powders, heterogeneous intimate mixtures obtained by melting (other
than cermets) and intermetallic compounds.

Section XV, Note 6 provides:

Unless the context otherwise requires, any reference in the tariff schedule
to a base metal includes a reference to alloys which by virtue of Note 5
above, are to be classified as alloys of that metal.

2
The term “manufactured primary form” was defined in Anval Nyby Powder AB v. United States, 20 CIT 608, 616
(1996), as “[f]orms that have undergone some processing but must undergo further processing before they appear in
an eventual final product.”

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Given Note 5(a), it follows that the classification of an alloyed product other than the
ferroalloys (Ch. 72) and the master alloys (Ch. 74), will vary depending on the metal
which predominates by weight. For example, if an alloyed product consists of 36%
metal “A”, 34% metal “B”, and 30% metal “C”, by weight, then that item would be
classified under the heading that provides for metal “A”, because it predominates by
weight over each of the other metals.

General Explanatory Note (A) to Section XV [Alloys of Base Metals] states that alloys of
base metals with as much as 2% (or more) by weight of a precious metal (silver, gold
and platinum) are not classified in a chapter for non-ferrous metals. Such items, along
with any base metal item clad with precious metals, are classified within Chapter 71.
The Note also indicates that alloys of base metals of Section XV that are combined with
non-metals or with the metals of heading 2805, HTSUS, are classified as alloys of base
metal provided that the total weight of said base metals equals or exceeds the total
weight of the other elements present. They are otherwise generally classified in
heading 3824, HTSUS.

Note that the addition of alloying elements to a pure metal does not necessarily render it
an alloy. The percentage of additive that would change the base metal from “not
alloyed” to “alloyed” differs from chapter to chapter, and is set forth in the relevant
chapter notes.

II. BASIC FORMS OF NON-FERROUS METAL PRODUCTS

Non-ferrous metal products are generally imported in the following basic forms: (i) bars
and rods; (ii) plates, sheets, strip and foil; profiles; and (iii) tubes and pipes and wire.

Bars and Rods

Bars and rods are rolled, extruded, drawn or forged products, not in coils, which have a
uniform solid cross section along their whole length in the shape of circles, ovals,
rectangles (including squares), equilateral triangles or regular convex polygons
(including ‘flattened circles’ and ‘modified rectangles’, of which two opposite sides are
convex arcs, the other two sides being straight, of equal length and parallel). See Note
1(d) to Chapter 74, HTSUS, and Note 1(a) to Chapter 75, Chapter 76, Chapter 78,
Chapter 79, Chapter 80, and, Subheading Note 1 to Chapter 81, HTSUS.

Bars and rods are products with a rectangular (including square), triangular or polygonal
cross section that have corners rounded along their whole length. If the product has a
rectangular cross sectional shape (including “modified rectangular”), the thickness must
exceed 1/10th of the width (i.e. the thickness must be greater than 0.1 x the width or the
width equal to or greater than 10 times the thickness).

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Using the example pictured above, if the rolled product is of a uniform solid rectangular
cross section that is ¾” (0.75 inch) thick, 2 inches wide is not in coiled form, the product
is classified as a bar or rod.

0.1 (1/10th) x 2.0 (width) = 0.2 0.75 x 10 = 7.5
The thickness (0.75) is > 0.2 The width (2”) < 7.5

The expression “bars and rods” also covers cast or sintered products, of the same
forms and dimensions, which have been subsequently worked after productions
(otherwise than by simple trimming or descaling) and does not assume the character of
articles or products of other headings. Non-ferrous bars and rods are never in coiled
form.

Wire

The term “wire” refers to rolled, extruded, or drawn products, in coils, which have a
uniform solid cross section along their whole length in the shape of circles, ovals,
rectangles (including squares), equilateral triangles or regular convex polygons
(including ‘flattened circles’ and ‘modified rectangles’, of which two opposite sides are
convex arcs, the other two sides being straight, of equal length and parallel). See Note
1(f) to Chapter 74, HTSUS, Note 1(c) to Chapter 75, Chapter 76, Chapter 78, Chapter
79, Chapter 80, and Subheading Note 1 to Chapter 81, HTSUS.

Products with a rectangular (including square), triangular or polygonal cross section
may have corners rounded along their whole length.

The thickness of such products which have a rectangular (including “modified
rectangular”) cross section must exceed one-tenth of the width.

In the example pictured above, if the rolled product is a single wire of a uniform solid
rectangular cross section that is ¾” (0.75 inch) thick, 2 inches wide, and is in coiled
form, the product is classified as wire.

0.1 (1/10th) x 2.0 (width) = 0.2 0.75 x 10 = 7.5
Diagonal Cross Section
3/4”
Thickness
2” width
Diagonal Cross Section
3/4”
Thickness
2” width

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The thickness (0.75) is > 0.2 The width (2”) < 7.5

Types of wire include the following:

Strand: Two or more wires twisted together.

Rope and Cable: Two or more strands twisted together.

Ribbon: Classification depends on the dimensions. If it is in
coiled form, it may be a wire, sheet or foil product.

Insulated electric wire: This is a product of heading 8544, HTSUS.

Welding Wire: If coated with metal, it is classified based upon the
constituent wire material. If coated or cored with flux
material, it is classified within heading 8311, HTSUS.

Plates, Sheets, Strip, and Foil

Plates, sheets, strip and foil are flat-surfaced products (other than unwrought products),
coiled or not, of solid rectangular (other than square) cross section with or without
rounded corners (including “modified rectangles” of which two opposite sides are
convex arcs, the other two sides being straight, of equal length and parallel) of a
uniform thickness which are either: of rectangular (including square) shape with a
thickness not exceeding one tenth of the width [see diagram below], or of a shape other
than rectangular or square, of any size, provided they do not thereby assume the
character of articles or of products of other headings. See Note 1(g) to Chapter 74,
HTSUS, Note 1(d) to Chapter 75, Chapter 76, Chapter 78, Chapter 79, Chapter 80, and,
Subheading Note 1 to Chapter 81, HTSUS.

For example, if the product pictured above is a product with a uniform solid rectangular
cross section (not unwrought) that is ½” (0.50 inch) thick and 6 inches wide, then
product is classified as plate, sheet or strip (it is too thick to be foil, as discussed below).

0.1 (1/10th) x 6.0 (width) = 0.6 0.50 x 10 = 5.0
The thickness (0.5) is < 0.6 The width (6”) > 5.0

Non-ferrous plates, sheets, strip and foil products may have patterns such as grooves,
ribs, checkers, tears, buttons, and lozenges. They can also be perforated, corrugated,
polished or coated, provided they do not assume the character of articles or products of
other headings.

Width = 6”

Thickness = 1/2”

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Foil

Foil products must also satisfy certain dimensional requirements. Copper (Ch. 74),
nickel (Ch. 75), lead (Ch. 78) and zinc (Ch. 79) foil cannot be thicker than 0.15 mm.
Aluminum (Ch. 76) and tin (Ch. 80) foil cannot be thicker than 0.2 mm. When
determining the thickness of a foil, any type of coating such as varnish, lacquer, paint,
etc., should be included in the measurement. The thickness of the backing material
need not be included.

Backed Foil:
Backed Foil is a separately identifiable type of foil within the subheadings
of copper and aluminum. EN 74.10 explains that backed foil can be
“backed with paper, paperboard, plastics or similar backing material,” is
“used for making fancy goods,” and is generally done for the “convenience
of handling or transport or in order to facilitate subsequent treatment, etc.”

Coated Foil:
Coated Foil is not backed foil. It is measured and classified differently
than backed foil but remains classified within the applicable foil heading.
A clarification is noted within the applicable ENs indicating that coatings of
varnish, etc., would be included in the thickness measurement of the foil,
however, any backings, such as paper, would be excluded from thickness
measurement of the foil.

Profiles

Profiles are rolled, extruded, drawn, forged or formed products, coiled or not, of a
uniform cross section along their whole length, which do not conform to any of the
definitions of bars, rods, wire, plates, sheets, strip, foil, tubes or pipes. The expression
also covers cast or sintered products, of the same forms, which have been
subsequently worked after production (other than by simple trimming or descaling),
provided that they have not taken on the character of articles or products of other
headings. See Note 1(e) to Chapter 74, HTSUS, Note 1(b) to Chapter 75, Chapter 76,
Chapter 78, Chapter 79, Chapter 80, and, Subheading Note 1 to Chapter 81, HTSUS.

Hollow profile:
Hollow profile is a tariff term specifically provided for in Chapters 74 and
76. To be classified as a hollow profile, the article must meet the definition
of a profile, and would need to have a completely enclosed void along a
cross section of the profile, as those pictured below.

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In other chapters, hollow profiles such as these would simply be classified as profiles.

Tubes and Pipes

Tubes and pipes are hollow products, coiled or not, which have a uniform cross section
with only one enclosed void along their entire length in the shape of circles, ovals,
rectangles (including squares), equilateral triangles or regular convex polygons, as long
as it has a uniform wall thickness.

Products with a rectangular (including square), equilateral triangular or regular convex
polygonal cross section, which may have rounded corners along the entire length, are
also taken to be tubes and pipes provided the inner and outer cross sections are
concentric and have the same form and orientation.

The tubes and pipes of the foregoing cross sections may be polished, coated, bent,
threaded, drilled, waisted, expanded, cone-shaped or fitted with flanges, collars or rings.
See Note 1(h) to Chapter 74, HTSUS Note 1(e) to Chapter 75, Chapter 76, Chapter 78,
Chapter 79, Chapter 80, and, Subheading Note 1 to Chapter 81, HTSUS.

Regardless of chemical composition, all metallic flexible tubing should be classified in
heading 8307, HTSUS.

Pipe Fittings:
To be classified as a pipe fitting, the item must be capable of connecting
the bores of two tubes; connecting a tube to some other apparatus; or
closing the tube aperture. It must also form an integral part of the bore.
Examples of pipe fittings include couplings, flanges, elbows, sleeves,
reducers and complete union fittings. Fittings equipped with taps, cocks,
valves, etc., and articles used for installing or supporting pipes or tubes
(hangers, stays, etc.) that do not form an integral part of the bore are not
classified as pipe fittings.

Bolts, nuts, screws, etc., made of steel that are suitable for use in
assembly of tube or pipe fittings are classified under heading 7318,
HTSUS.

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Waste and Scrap

The term “waste and scrap” refer to “metal waste and scrap from the manufacture or
mechanical working of metals, and metal goods definitely not usable as such because
of breakage, cutting-up, wear or other reasons.” See Note 8(a) to Section XV. EN
72.04(A), which applies mutatis mutandis to the relevant base metal headings, provides
in pertinent part that “... the heading excludes articles which, with or without repair or
renovation, can be re-used for their former purposes or can be adapted for other uses; it
also excludes articles which can be refashioned into other goods without first being
recovered as metal.”

For more information, please consult CBP’s Informed Compliance Publication on Waste
and Scrap as it Relates to Base Metals of Chapter 81 (March 2010), available at
http://www.cpb.gov. Although that ICP only discusses the classification of base metals
of Chapter 81, HTSUS, the principles it discusses apply to other base metals.

III. QUESTIONS TO ASK

The following information is required to classify a non-ferrous metal product:

What is the composition of the product by weight?

Which manufacturing processes are used to create the product? (e.g., is it rolled,
drawn, extruded, forged, tubular, cast, sintered, machined, etc.)?

In what form is the product imported (e.g., in billets, plates, etc.)?

Is the product imported in coils?

What are the dimensions of the product?

IV. ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES

It is possible that some antidumping and countervailing duty orders might cover non-
ferrous metal products. Any current AD/CVD orders covering non-ferrous metal
products can be obtained from the U.S. International Trade Commission’s website,
available at http://www.usitc.gov. The link to “Antidumping and Countervailing Duty”
under “Investigations” provides a search mechanism for current orders by country, date
and product group. In addition, AD/CVD deposit and liquidation messages are available
using the AD/CVD search tool at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection website,
available at http://www.cbp.gov. Additional information may be obtained by contacting
the Office of Field Operations at your local port of entry.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The Internet

The home page of U.S. Customs and Border Protection on the Internet’s World Wide
Web, provides the trade community with current, relevant information regarding CBP
operations and items of special interest. The site posts information -- which includes
proposed regulations, news releases, publications and notices, etc. -- that can be
searched, read on-line, printed or downloaded to your personal computer. The web site
was established as a trade-friendly mechanism to assist the importing and exporting
community. The web site also links to the home pages of many other agencies whose
importing or exporting regulations that U.S. Customs and Border Protection helps to
enforce. The web site also contains a wealth of information of interest to a broader
public than the trade community. For instance, the “Know Before You Go” publication
and traveler awareness campaign is designed to help educate international travelers.

The web address of U.S. Customs and Border Protection is http://www.cbp.gov

Customs Regulations

The current edition of Customs and Border Protection Regulations of the United States
is a loose-leaf, subscription publication available from the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402; telephone (202)
512-1800. A bound edition of Title 19, Code of Federal Regulations is also available for
sale from the same address. All proposed and final regulations are published in the
Federal Register, which is published daily by the Office of the Federal Register, National
Archives and Records Administration, and distributed by the Superintendent of
Documents. Information about on-line access to the Federal Register may be obtained
by calling (202) 512-1530 between 7 a.m. and 5 p.m. Eastern time. These notices are
also published in the weekly Customs Bulletin described below.

Customs Bulletin

The Customs Bulletin and Decisions (“Customs Bulletin”) is a weekly publication that
contains decisions, rulings, regulatory proposals, notices and other information of
interest to the trade community. It also contains decisions issued by the U.S. Court of
International Trade, as well as customs-related decisions of the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit. Each year, the Government Printing Office publishes bound
volumes of the Customs Bulletin. Subscriptions may be purchased from the
Superintendent of Documents at the address and phone number listed above.

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Importing into the United States

This publication provides an overview of the importing process and contains general
information about import requirements. The current edition of Importing Into the United
States contains much new and revised material brought about pursuant to the Customs
Modernization Act (“Mod Act”). The Mod Act has fundamentally altered the relationship
between importers and U.S. Customs and Border Protection by shifting to the importer
the legal responsibility for declaring the value, classification, and rate of duty applicable
to entered merchandise.

The current edition contains a section entitled "Informed Compliance." A key component
of informed compliance is the shared responsibility between U.S. Customs and Border
Protection and the import community, wherein CBP communicates its requirements to
the importer, and the importer, in turn, uses reasonable care to assure that CBP is
provided accurate and timely data pertaining to his or her importation.

Single copies may be obtained from local offices of U.S. Customs and Border
Protection, or from the Office of Public Affairs, U.S. Customs and Border Protection,
1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20229. An on-line version is
available at the CBP web site. Importing into the United States is also available for
sale, in single copies or bulk orders, from the Superintendent of Documents by calling
(202) 512-1800, or by mail from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, P.O. Box 979050, St. Louis, MO 63197-9000.

Informed Compliance Publications

U.S. Customs and Border Protection has prepared a number of Informed Compliance
publications in the “What Every Member of the Trade Community Should Know
About:...” series. Check the Internet web site http://www.cbp.gov for current
publications.

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Value Publications

Customs Valuation under the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 is a 96-page book
containing a detailed narrative description of the customs valuation system, the customs
valuation title of the Trade Agreements Act (§402 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended
by the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C. §1401a)), the Statement of
Administrative Action which was sent to the U.S. Congress in conjunction with the TAA,
regulations (19 C.F.R. §§152.000-152.108) implementing the valuation system (a few
sections of the regulations have been amended subsequent to the publication of the
book) and questions and answers concerning the valuation system.

Customs Valuation Encyclopedia (with updates) is comprised of relevant statutory
provisions, CBP Regulations implementing the statute, portions of the Customs
Valuation Code, judicial precedent, and administrative rulings involving application of
valuation law. A copy may be purchased for a nominal charge from the Superintendent
of Documents, Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-
7054. This publication is also available on the Internet web site of U.S. Customs and
Border Protection.

The information provided in this publication is for general information
purposes only. Recognizing that many complicated factors may be
involved in customs issues, an importer may wish to obtain a ruling under
CBP Regulations, 19 C.F.R. Part 177, or obtain advice from an expert
(such as a licensed Customs Broker, attorney or consultant) who
specializes in customs matters. Reliance solely on the general
information in this pamphlet may not be considered reasonable care.

Additional information may also be obtained from U.S. Customs and Border Protection
ports of entry. Please consult your telephone directory for an office near you. The
listing will be found under U.S. Government, Department of Homeland Security.

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“Your Comments are Important”

The Small Business and Regulatory Enforcement Ombudsman and 10 regional
Fairness Boards were established to receive comments from small businesses about
Federal agency enforcement activities and rate each agency’s responsiveness to small
business. If you wish to comment on the enforcement actions of U.S. Customs and
Border Protection, call 1-888-REG-FAIR (1-888-734-3247).

REPORT SMUGGLING 1-800-BE-ALERT OR 1-888-NO-DROGA

Visit our Internet web site: http://www.cbp.gov

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