Questione giuridica chiave
Whether the federal judges and clerk who participated in the prior jurisdictional decision had to recuse for prior involvement.
Decisione estratta
No disqualification was required because the prior decision concerned only jurisdiction and did not prejudge the merits.
Motivazione estratta
Prior involvement creates bias only if the judge has already fixed a position on the concrete legal question still to be decided; the earlier ruling on competence left the substantive dispute open.