Jermaine Bohanon v. State of Arkansas

Cite as 2020 Ark. App. 22
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION IV
No. CR-19-585

Opinion Delivered January 15, 2020

JERMAINE BOHANON APPEAL FROM THE CRITTENDEN
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
APPELLANT [NO. 18CR-14-897]

HONORABLE JOHN N. FOGLEMAN,
V. JUDGE

AFFIRMED; MOTION TO WITHDRAW
STATE OF ARKANSAS GRANTED

APPELLEE

LARRY D. VAUGHT, Judge

This is a no-merit appeal filed on behalf of Jermaine Bohanon following the

Crittenden County Circuit Court’s revocation of his suspended imposition of sentence (SIS).

Bohanon’s counsel filed a timely notice of appeal followed by a no-merit brief pursuant to

Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), and Arkansas Supreme Court Rule 4-3(k) (2018),

along with a motion to be relieved as counsel asserting that there is no issue of arguable

merit on appeal. We affirm and grant counsel’s motion to withdraw.

On December 22, 2014, Bohanon pled guilty to possession of a controlled substance,

a Class C felony, and furnishing, possessing, or using prohibited articles, a Class B felony. He

was sentenced to six years’ imprisonment in the Arkansas Department of Correction (ADC)

and seventy-two months’ SIS.
The State filed a petition to revoke Bohanon’s SIS on April 1, 2019, alleging that he

had violated its terms and conditions by committing the new offenses of possession of a

controlled substance, possession of a firearm, simultaneous possession of firearms and

drugs, and possession of drug paraphernalia. At the revocation hearing, the arresting officer

testified that on April 19, 2018, he stopped a vehicle driven by Randy Mangum. Because the

officer detected a strong odor of marijuana from the car, he removed the passengers from

the car and advised that he would be conducting a search of the vehicle. The officer located

a backpack on the front floorboard of the car, which he had observed under Bohanon’s legs

when Bohanon had been seated in the front passenger seat. In the bag he found seventy-six

grams of marijuana, twelve grams of powder cocaine, 1.661 grams of rock cocaine, eight pills

of codeine, and eight pills of cyclobenzaprine. The bag also contained a black .44-magnum

handgun, a digital scale, Bohanon’s identification card, and his Social Security card.

Bohanon testified that the backpack was not his. He stated that he had previously lost

his wallet after riding in the same car about two weeks prior to being pulled over. He also

stated that he didn’t know the backpack was in the car prior to being stopped and that he

was unaware of its contents.

The court found that Bohanon had violated the terms and conditions of his SIS and

sentenced him to 180 months’ incarceration in the ADC. This no-merit appeal follows.

A request to withdraw on the ground that the appeal is wholly without merit shall be

accompanied by a brief, including an argument section that consists of a list of all rulings

adverse to the defendant made by the circuit court on all objections, motions, and requests

made by either party with an explanation as to why each adverse ruling is not a meritorious

ground for reversal. Raiford v. State, 2012 Ark. App. 414, at 2 (citing Ark. Sup. Ct. R. 4-
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3(k)(1); Eads v. State, 74 Ark. App. 363, 47 S.W.3d 918 (2001); Campbell v. State, 74 Ark. App.

277, 279, 47 S.W.3d 915, 917 (2001)). The clerk of this court served Bohanon with a copy of

his counsel’s brief and notified him of his right to file a pro se statement of points for

reversal. He has not done so.1

In considering a no-merit brief, we must determine whether, after a full examination

of the proceedings, there is any nonfrivolous basis for an appeal. Parmer v. State, 2017 Ark.

App. 5, at 5. A no-merit brief must provide a “full examination of the proceedings as a

whole to decide if an appeal would be wholly frivolous.” Reed v. State, 2013 Ark. App. 432, at

3. Arkansas Supreme Court Rule 4-3(k)(1) requires that a no-merit argument address and

discuss all adverse rulings made by the circuit court on the defendant’s objections, motions,

and requests and explain “why each adverse ruling is not a meritorious ground for reversal.”

Id. at 3–4.

We are satisfied that counsel has demonstrated that there is no nonfrivolous

argument that could serve as the basis for an appeal regarding the sufficiency of the State’s

evidence against Bohanon. The State's burden of proof in a revocation proceeding is less

than is required to convict in a criminal trial, and evidence insufficient for a conviction at a

criminal trial may be sufficient for revocation. Collins v. State, 2018 Ark. App. 563, at 2, 566

S.W.3d 139, 140. When the sufficiency of the evidence is challenged on appeal from an order

of revocation, the circuit court's decision will not be reversed unless it is clearly against a

preponderance of the evidence. Id. The appellate court defers to the circuit court's superior

1Because Bohanon attempted to submit pro se points but inadvertently sent them to

his attorney instead of the court, we granted him additional time to submit those points. He
failed to do so, and the deadline has now passed.

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position in evaluating the credibility and weight to be given testimony. Id. Here, Bohanon

was seen with the bag under his legs, and his identification card and Social Security card were

found in the bag along with the drugs, scale, and gun. The court was not required to believe

Bohanon’s self-serving testimony that he did not know the bag was in the car or what it

contained. We therefore affirm as to the sufficiency of the evidence against Bohanon.

The next adverse rulings were the court’s decisions to sustain two hearsay objections

by the State during Bohanon’s testimony. Both times, Bohanon attempted to testify to

something that someone else allegedly told him. The State objected, and the court sustained

both objections without further discussion or argument by the defense. Although the rules

of evidence, including the hearsay rule, are not strictly applicable in revocation proceedings,

Ark. R. Evid. 1101(b)(3); see also Felix v. State, 20 Ark. App. 44, 723 S.W.2d 839 (1987), the

right to confront the witnesses is applicable and has previously been used as a basis for

affirming a circuit court’s evidentiary rulings as to hearsay testimony in a revocation

proceeding. Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778 (1973); Jones v. State, 31 Ark. App. 23, 25–26, 786

S.W.2d 851, 852 (1990); Goforth v. State, 27 Ark. App. 150, 767 S.W.2d 537 (1989).

Bohanon’s counsel argues that the Confrontation Clause provides a clear basis for

affirming the court’s decision to sustain both objections. We disagree. The Sixth

Amendment to the Constitution of the United States and article 2, section 102, of the

Arkansas Constitution both give the accused the right to confront witnesses in criminal cases.

This includes the right of the accused to see the witness, hear testimony, and to cross-

examine. Under both provisions, the right explicitly accrues to the benefit of the accused.

Counsel has not provided any authority for his position that the State may rely on the

Confrontation Clause as the basis for objecting to the defendant’s own testimony.
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While we disagree with counsel’s basis for arguing that these evidentiary rulings

provide no nonfrivolous basis for an appeal, we reach the same conclusion for a different

reason. Bohanon failed to proffer the testimony he wished to admit. When challenging the

exclusion of evidence, a party must make a proffer of the excluded evidence at trial so that

this court can review the decision, unless the substance of the evidence is apparent from the

context. See Rodgers v. State, 360 Ark. 24, 30, 199 S.W.3d 625, 629 (2004); Arnett v. State, 353

Ark. 165, 122 S.W.3d 484 (2003). In this case, Bohanon neither made any argument related

to why the testimony should be admitted nor did he proffer the testimony for our review.

We therefore affirm on this point.

The final adverse ruling to discuss was the court’s rejection of a plea agreement due

to Bohanon’s refusal to admit that he knew the backpack was in the car and knew what it

contained. First, this issue is not preserved because Bohanon never objected to the court’s

refusal to allow the plea. Pyle v. State, 340 Ark. 53, 8 S.W.3d 491 (2000). Alternatively, the

circuit court has a duty pursuant to Arkansas Rule of Criminal Procedure 24.6 to determine

whether there is a factual basis for a plea, and in order to enter a guilty plea, the defendant

must admit guilt, which Bohanon refused to do. Schneider v. State, 290 Ark. 454, 720 S.W.2d

709 (1986). Either way, this adverse ruling presents no nonfrivolous ground for an appeal.

Affirmed; motion to withdraw granted.

VIRDEN and GLADWIN, JJ., agree.

Bart Ziegenhorn, for appellant.

One brief only.

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