In the Matter of the Complaint of Ed Seganti

24-1519
In the Matter of the Complaint of Ed Seganti
In the
United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
AUGUST TERM 2024
No. 24-1519
IN RE:
I N THE MATTER OF THE C OMPLAINT OF ED S EGANTI,
Petitioner.
_______________
ED S EGANTI, AS O WNER OF A 2018 30’ C OBIA BOAT 301CC
MOTORBOAT FOR EXONERATION FROM OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY ,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v.
NANCY SKOLNIK ,
Claimant-Appellee.
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of New York
S UBMITTED: FEBRUARY 24, 2025
D ECIDED: AUGUST 26, 2025
Before: RAGGI , MENASHI , and PÉREZ , Circuit Judges.

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Pursuant to 46 U.S.C. § 30529, Ed Seganti petitioned to limit his
liability for claims arising from a boating collision. The district court
held that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction because Seganti’s
petition was untimely under § 30529(a). But § 30529(a) is a claim-
processing rule that does not implicate the subject matter jurisdiction
of a court. Accordingly, we conclude that the district court erred in
holding that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction. The district court
should have dismissed Seganti’s petition on the merits for failure to
state a claim. He filed the complaint more than six months after
receiving written notice of a claim, so his petition was untimely under
§ 30529(a). Because we agree with the district court that Seganti’s
petition was untimely, we hold that his petition should have been
dismissed under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). We modify
the judgment of the district court and affirm the judgment of
dismissal as modified.
Michael E. Stern, Gallo Vitucci Klar LLP, for Petitioner-
Appellant.
Kenneth J. Ready, Ready Pascale & Gennarelli, P.C., for
Claimant-Appellee.
MENASHI , Circuit Judge:
Petitioner-Appellant Ed Seganti appeals from a judgment of the
district court issued May 2, 2024. The district court concluded that it
lacked subject matter jurisdiction because Seganti’s petition to limit
his liability was untimely under 46 U.S.C. § 30529(a). See Matter of
Seganti, No. 23-08151, 2024 WL 1934211 (E.D.N.Y. May 2, 2024). But
§ 30529(a) of the Limitation of Liability Act addresses only the

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timeliness of filing a petition; it does not refer to the jurisdiction of the
court. And there is no other reason to conclude that the time limitation
of § 30529(a) would restrict the grant of admiralty jurisdiction in
28 U.S.C. § 1333(1).
We conclude that the time limitation described in § 30529(a) is
a non-jurisdictional claim-processing rule. While the district court
incorrectly decided that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction, Seganti’s
untimely petition still may not proceed. Seganti filed the petition
more than six months after he received written notice of a claim.
Because Seganti failed to comply with the mandatory claim-
processing rule of § 30529(a), he failed to state a claim on which relief
may be granted.
I
On May 29, 2022, Ed Seganti was operating his boat near Goose
Creek in Nassau County when his boat collided with Steven Aletkin’s
boat. Nancy Skolnik, a passenger on Aletkin’s boat, sustained injuries
in the collision.
On September 22, 2022, Skolnik’s attorney sent a letter to
Seganti with the subject line “Re: Our Client: Nancy Skolnik.”
App’x 42. The letter recorded the “Date of Accident: May 29, 2022,”
and the “Location: Bellmore Channel/Goose Creek.” Id. The letter
continued:
Please be advised that this office has been retained by the
above-named to pursue a claim for personal injuries
arising out of and as a result of an accident which
occurred on the above date through your negligence.
Kindly refer this letter immediately to your insurance
carrier and/or attorney for prompt consideration and
further attention.

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Be advised, we demand that you secure and save all
video and still photography camera footage for the entire
date of May 29, 2022. Same will be demanded during
litigation. Failure to save the video footage will force us
to address any issues concerning same with the Court.
Id. (emphasis omitted).
Almost a year later—on August 7, 2023—Skolnik filed an action
against Aletkin and Seganti in New York State Supreme Court
seeking damages under various tort theories. On August 29, 2023,
Skolnik sent a letter to Seganti’s marine insurer. The letter stated that
Skolnik “sustained a torn labrum in her right hip” and an “injury to
her lumbar and cervical spine” as a result of the collision. Id. at 43.
On November 1, 2023, Seganti filed a complaint in the U.S.
District Court for the Eastern District of New York pursuant to the
Limitation of Liability Act, 46 U.S.C. § 30529. Seganti sought to limit
his liability to $168,775.08—the value of his boat following the
accident. In response, Skolnik indicated that she would move to
dismiss Seganti’s petition for insufficient service of process. See App’x
31-32. Skolnik also argued that “[b]ecause Petitioner Seganti failed to
bring his LoLA Petition[] within six months of written notice of
Claimant Skolnik’s claim, the Court has no subject-matter
jurisdiction.” Id. at 46.
The district court decided that the September 2022 letter
“provided Seganti with sufficient notice triggering the six-month
period to file a LoLA petition.” Matter of Seganti, 2024 WL 1934211, at
*3. The letter “explicitly advised him that Skolnik had retained
counsel to represent her in a claim for personal injuries against
Seganti arising out of and as a result of a May 29, 2022 accident.” Id.
(internal quotation marks omitted). The district court concluded that
because Seganti filed his petition thirteen months after he received the

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September 2022 letter, his petition was untimely. The district court
dismissed the action “in its entirety for lack of subject matter
jurisdiction.” Id. at *4.
II
“When a requirement goes to subject-matter jurisdiction, courts
are obligated to consider sua sponte issues that the parties have
disclaimed or have not presented.” Gonzalez v. Thaler, 565 U.S. 134,
141 (2012). We therefore consider whether the failure to comply with
the six-month filing requirement of § 30529(a) deprived the district
court of subject matter jurisdiction.
A
The Constitution extends the federal judicial power “to all
Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction.” U.S. Const. art. III, § 2.
“Congress codified this constitutional grant of admiralty and
maritime jurisdiction in 28 U.S.C. § 1333(1), which provides that ‘the
district courts shall have original jurisdiction, exclusive of the courts
of the States, of any civil case of admiralty or maritime jurisdiction,
saving to suitors in all cases all other remedies to which they are
otherwise entitled.’” In re Petition of Germain, 824 F.3d 258, 263 (2d Cir.
2016) (alterations omitted) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 1333(1)).
Against this backdrop Congress adopted the Limitation of
Liability Act, which provides that “the liability of the owner of a
vessel for any claim, debt, or liability … shall not exceed the value of
the vessel and pending freight.” 46 U.S.C. § 30523(a). Claims subject
to limitation include “those arising from any … injury by collision.”
Id. § 30523(b). To receive the protection of the Act, “[t]he owner of a
vessel may bring a civil action in a district court of the United States
for limitation of liability under this chapter,” but “[t]he action must

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be brought within 6 months after a claimant gives the owner written
notice of a claim.” Id. § 30529(a).
Once an owner has filed a complaint seeking a limitation of
liability, “all claims and proceedings against the owner related to the
matter in question shall cease.” Id. § 30529(c). The district court must
then “issue a notice to all persons asserting claims with respect to
which the complaint seeks limitation.” Supp. R. F(4), Supplemental
Rules for Admiralty or Maritime Claims and Asset Forfeiture Actions,
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. A claimant must “file and serve an
answer to the complaint” if he “desires to contest either the right to
exoneration from or the right to limitation of liability.” Supp. R. F(5).
B
The Supreme Court has said that only when “the Legislature
clearly states that a threshold limitation on a statute’s scope shall
count as jurisdictional” should we treat the limitation as
jurisdictional. Arbaugh v. Y & H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 515 (2006). In light
of the “harsh consequences” of characterizing a statutory limitation
as jurisdictional, we will decide that “procedural rules, including time
bars, cabin a court’s power only if Congress has ‘clearly stated’ as
much.” United States v. Wong, 575 U.S. 402, 409 (2015) (alteration
omitted) (quoting Sebelius v. Auburn Reg’l Med. Ctr., 568 U.S. 145, 153
(2013)). “In the absence of such a clear statement, ‘courts should treat
the restriction as nonjurisdictional in character.’” Donnelly v. CARRP,
37 F.4th 44, 54 (2d Cir. 2022) (quoting Auburn Reg’l Med. Ctr., 568 U.S.
at 153).
Pursuant to this approach, “most time bars are
nonjurisdictional, even when framed in mandatory and emphatic
terms.” Harrow v. DOD, 601 U.S. 480, 484 (2024) (internal quotation
marks omitted). The Supreme Court has explained that “even when

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the time limit is important (most are) and even when it is framed in
mandatory terms (again, most are),” Congress still “must do
something special, beyond setting an exception-free deadline, to tag a
statute of limitations as jurisdictional.” Wong, 575 U.S. at 410.
Applying this standard, the Supreme Court has repeatedly held that
mandatory time limitations do not restrict the subject matter
jurisdiction of the federal courts. See Harrow, 601 U.S. at 484-86;
Wilkins v. United States, 598 U.S. 152, 158 (2023); Wong, 575 U.S. at 410;
Musacchio v. United States, 577 U.S. 237, 246 (2016); Auburn Reg’l Med.
Ctr., 568 U.S. at 153; Henderson v. Shinseki, 562 U.S. 428, 435 (2011).
In this case, Congress provided no clear statement that the time
limitation of § 30529(a) counts as jurisdictional. The provision does
not “refer[] in any way to the jurisdiction of the courts.” United States
v. Saladino, 7 F.4th 120, 123 (2d Cir. 2021) (internal quotation marks
omitted). It says that an action by an owner “must be brought within
6 months after a claimant gives the owner written notice of a claim.”
46 U.S.C. § 30529(a). The text “speaks only to a claim’s timeliness, not
to a court’s power.” Wong, 575 U.S. at 410. It “reads like an ordinary,
run-of-the-mill statute of limitations, spelling out a litigant’s filing
obligations without restricting a court’s authority.” Id. at 411 (internal
quotation marks omitted).
The statutory context does not otherwise suggest that
§ 30529(a) addresses jurisdiction. The Limitation of Liability Act
“does not provide an independent foundation for federal admiralty
jurisdiction.” MLC Fishing, Inc. v. Velez, 667 F.3d 140, 143 (2d Cir.
2011). Rather, the grant of jurisdiction that allows a district court to
entertain a claim under § 30529(a) appears in 28 U.S.C. § 1333(1). We
have observed that “the district court will only have admiralty
jurisdiction to hear a petition for limitation if it already has admiralty
jurisdiction over the underlying claims that the petition seeks to limit”

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and for that reason the district court must first “ask whether the
underlying claims raise a ‘civil case of admiralty or maritime
jurisdiction’ that the district court could hear under 28 U.S.C.
§ 1333(1).” Tandon v. Captain’s Cove Marina of Bridgeport, Inc., 752 F.3d
239, 244 (2d Cir. 2014). The Supreme Court “has often explained that
Congress’s separation of a filing deadline from a jurisdictional grant
indicates that the time bar is not jurisdictional.” Wilkins, 598 U.S. at
159 (quoting Wong, 575 U.S. at 411). We can identify no reason to
conclude that the time limitation in 46 U.S.C. § 30529(a) limits the
grant of admiralty jurisdiction in 28 U.S.C. § 1333(1).
Some time ago, our court considered a case in which the
claimant challenged the timeliness of a petition as well as other merits
questions. We said that the timeliness challenge “go[es] to our
jurisdiction to decide the ultimate question.” Petition of Spearin,
Preston & Burrows, Inc., 190 F.2d 684, 685 (2d Cir. 1951). That imprecise
use of the term “jurisdiction” did not establish that § 30529(a) limits
the subject matter jurisdiction of the federal courts. “[T]he legal
lexicon knows no word more chameleon-like than ‘jurisdiction,’”
United States v. Sabella, 272 F.2d 206, 209 (2d Cir. 1959) (Friendly, J.),
and courts “have more than occasionally misused the term
‘jurisdictional’ to refer to nonjurisdictional prescriptions,” Fort Bend
County v. Davis, 587 U.S. 541, 547 n.4 (2019) (internal quotation marks
and alteration omitted).
“We generally require jurisdictional rulings to be expressed
clearly to be binding.” Donnelly, 37 F.4th at 55. To “separate” a
“definitive earlier interpretation of a statutory provision as
jurisdictional” from a decision that “misused the term ‘jurisdictional’
to refer to nonjurisdictional prescriptions,” we ask “if the prior
decision addressed whether a provision is technically jurisdictional—
whether it truly operates as a limit on a court’s subject-matter

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jurisdiction—and whether anything in the decision turned on that
characterization.” Wilkins, 598 U.S. at 159-60 (internal quotation
marks and alteration omitted). The decision in Spearin neither
addressed technical jurisdiction nor did it turn on that
characterization. The Supreme Court has “described such unrefined
dispositions as ‘drive-by jurisdictional rulings’ that should be
accorded ‘no precedential effect’ on the question whether the federal
court had authority to adjudicate the claim in suit.” Arbaugh, 546 U.S.
at 511 (quoting Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env’t, 523 U.S. 83, 91
(1998)).
We conclude that the “mundane statute-of-limitations
language” in § 30529(a) does not limit the subject matter jurisdiction
of the federal courts. Wong, 575 U.S. at 410. We accordingly join those
circuits that have reached the same conclusion. See Martz v.
Horazdovsky, 33 F.4th 1157, 1163 (9th Cir. 2022) (“We agree with those
courts that have held that section 30511(a) is an ordinary statute of
limitations and is not jurisdictional.”); In re Bonvillian Marine Serv.,
Inc., 19 F.4th 787, 794 (5th Cir. 2021) (“[T]he time limitation set forth
in 46 U.S.C. § 30511(a) is a mere claim-processing rule which has no
bearing on a district court’s subject matter jurisdiction.”); Orion
Marine Constr., Inc. v. Carroll, 918 F.3d 1323, 1329 (11th Cir. 2019)
(“Because we find no clear textual indication that § 30511(a)’s six-
month time bar was intended to limit courts’ subject matter
jurisdiction—because, in short, it does nothing special, beyond setting
an exception-free deadline—we hold that the provision is an ordinary
non-jurisdictional claim-processing rule.”) (internal quotation marks
and citations omitted).

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III
Still, “calling a rule nonjurisdictional does not mean that it is
not mandatory.” Gonzalez, 565 U.S. at 146. “Though not jurisdictional,
mandatory claim-processing rules remain mandatory.” Donnelly, 37
F.4th at 56. Such rules “seek to promote the orderly progress of
litigation by requiring that the parties take certain procedural steps at
certain specified times.” Henderson, 562 U.S. at 435. “Thus, how
[§ 30529(a)] applies is ‘in essence a question whether Congress
intended to allow a certain cause of action.’” Donnelly, 37 F.4th at 56
(quoting Air Courier Conf. v. Am. Postal Workers Union, 498 U.S. 517,
523 n.3 (1991)).
A
Seganti filed his petition more than six months after he received
written notice of Skolnik’s claim. Skolnik objected to the untimeliness
of the petition. See App’x 46 (“As Petitioner Seganti failed to timely
bring this action, it must be dismissed.”). As a result, § 30529(a) bars
his action.
B
Seganti argues that the September 2022 letter did not initiate
the six-month period to commence his limitation action because it did
not provide him with notice of Skolnik’s claim. We disagree.
We do not require “exacting specificity in a notice of claim to a
vessel owner” but instead employ a “broad and flexible standard of
review—reading letters of notice in their entirety and considering
their ‘whole tenor’—when determining if sufficient notice was
given.” Doxsee Sea Clam Co., Inc. v. Brown, 13 F.3d 550, 554 (2d Cir.
1994) (quoting In re Allen N. Spooner & Sons, Inc., 253 F.2d 584, 586 (2d
Cir. 1958)). A letter begins the six-month countdown under § 30529(a)

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when “it informs the vessel owner of an actual or potential claim
which may exceed the value of the vessel and is subject to limitation.”
Id. (citations omitted). “[E]ven when doubt exists as to the total
amount of the claims or as to whether they will exceed the value of
the ship the owner will not be excused from satisfying the statutory
time bar since he may institute a limitation proceeding even when the
total amount claimed is uncertain.” Complaint of Morania Barge
No. 190, Inc., 690 F.2d 32, 34 (2d Cir. 1982).
The September 2022 letter began the six-month period to file
under § 30529(a). The letter informed Seganti of the who, what, when,
where, and how of Skolnik’s claim. The letter identified (1) the parties
involved (Skolnik and Seganti), (2) the nature of the injuries
(“personal injuries”), (3) the date and location of the accident (“May
29, 2022,” at “Bellmore Channel/Goose Creek”), and (4) Skolnik’s
contention that Seganti had caused her injuries through his
negligence. App’x 42.
Seganti argues that the letter did not notify him that the “claims
would exceed the value of the boat.” Appellant’s Br. 7. But a letter
provides sufficient notice even when it is “ambiguous as to the
amount that would be sought.” Doxsee, 13 F.3d at 555; see also Allen N.
Spooner & Sons, 253 F.2d at 586 (holding that “the letter is a notice of
claim” even though it stated that “the amount of the loss in its entirety
was evidently not yet known”). It is “of no significance” that Skolnik
could not identify the specific amount of damages in September 2022
because “the whole tenor of the letter … is to the effect that [Seganti]
will be held responsible for the loss.” Allen N. Spooner & Sons, 253 F.2d
at 586. “In other words, the letter is a ‘notice of claim’ and could not
reasonably be taken to be anything else.” Id.

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Seganti further argues that the commencement of the action in
state court in August 2023 “was the first time that Respondent
advised Appellant that she was a guest on the other boat involved in
the accident.” Reply Br. 7. But nothing in the record suggests that the
collision involved people other than the passengers on Seganti’s and
Aletkin’s boats. Seganti would have known whether Skolnik was a
passenger on his own boat, so it required no feat of deductive
reasoning for Seganti to learn from the September 2022 letter that
Skolnik was on Aletkin’s boat.
Seganti complains that it was not until Skolnik’s “counsel sent
a letter to Appellant’s marine insurers on August 29, 2023,” that she
“for the first time advised Appellant of the nature of the injuries
alleged.” Id. (emphasis omitted). But the September 2022 letter
informed Seganti that Skolnik had suffered “personal injuries” in the
collision. App’x 42. We require no more “exacting specificity” than
that. Doxsee, 13 F.3d at 554.
* * *
Seganti’s failure to comply with the time limitation in
§ 30529(a) requires that his petition be dismissed. But the ground for
that dismissal matters. “The difference between a dismissal for lack
of jurisdiction and a dismissal for failure to state a claim often carries
significance.” Donnelly, 37 F.4th at 57. For one thing, “[a] dismissal for
lack of jurisdiction must be without prejudice rather than with
prejudice. Dismissals for failure to state a claim, on the other hand,
are generally with prejudice.” Miller v. Brightstar Asia, Ltd., 43 F.4th
112, 126 (2d Cir. 2022) (quoting Donnelly, 37 F.4th at 57). It remains
“permissible to dismiss for failure to state a claim without prejudice,
for example to enable a party to seek to amend its complaint,” id., but
in this case no amendment could bring Seganti’s limitation action into

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compliance with § 30529(a). As a result, there is no reason to deviate
from the general rule that a dismissal for failure to state a claim will
be with prejudice.
“[W]e have long recognized the power to modify judgments to
conform with the district court’s authority and to affirm them as
modified, ‘as may be just under the circumstances.’” United States v.
Adams, 955 F.3d 238, 250 (2d Cir. 2020) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2106). And
we have expressly exercised that authority to modify a judgment of
dismissal for lack of jurisdiction into a dismissal under Federal Rule
of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) with prejudice. See Ry. Labor Execs.’ Ass’n
v. Staten Island R.R. Corp., 792 F.2d 7, 12-13 (2d Cir. 1986) (“[T]he
judgment dismissing [the] complaint is modified to declare that the
dismissal is with prejudice, under Rule 12(b)(6), and, as modified,
affirmed.”).
For the reasons described above, the judgment dismissing
Seganti’s limitation action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction is
modified to dismiss the action under Rule 12(b)(6) and, as modified,
is affirmed.

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