Joyce E. Rottmann v. Commissioner of Social Security

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION
File Name: 20a0365n.06
No. 19-2205
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
JOYCE E. ROTTMANN,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,
Defendant-Appellee.
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ON APPEAL FROM THE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT
COURT FOR THE EASTERN
DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
BEFORE: BATCHELDER, GIBBONS, and SUTTON, Circuit Judges.
ALICE M. BATCHELDER, Circuit Judge. Joyce Rottmann, suffering from several
ailments, filed a claim for disability benefits from the Social Security Administration (“SSA”).
At her hearing before a SSA Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”), she submitted reports from two
of her treating physicians who advised that Rottmann could not perform tasks such as grasping,
pushing, or pulling, and that Rottmann was unable to work. However, the ALJ gave little weight
to the two doctors’ opinions after finding that Rottmann’s self-reported activities—including
weaving, mowing her lawn, riding her motorcycle, and participating in French and Indian War
reenactments—were inconsistent with the restrictive recommendations from her doctors. Because
substantial evidence supported the ALJ’s factual findings, the district court granted the SSA’s
motion for summary judgment and denied Rottmann’s motion for summary judgment. For the
following reasons, we AFFIRM.

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I.
Rottmann filed an application for disability benefits on August 20, 2014. She had a hearing
before an ALJ on October 27, 2016, to present her case. The ALJ found that Rottmann’s
impairments were “severe” and included “diabetes mellitus, degenerative disc disease, right
shoulder impairment, radiculopathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, affective disorder, and anxiety
disorders.”
To determine whether a claimant qualifies for disability benefits, the ALJ follows a five-
step evaluation process. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a). In this case, the ALJ found that Rottmann
met the first two steps: (1) she had not engaged in any gainful activity since her alleged onset date
of disability, and (2) her above-listed impairments were severe enough to significantly limit her
ability to perform basic work activities. But the ALJ determined that Rottmann failed to meet the
third step because her impairments did not meet the severity and duration requirements established
in SSA regulations. The ALJ then concluded that Rottmann could not perform her past work (step
four), but because “there were jobs that existed in significant numbers in the national economy
that [she] could have performed” (step five), she was not disabled.
These findings conflicted with the recommendations of two doctors Rottmann provided:
Dr. Ashish Verma, an endocrinologist, and Dr. Diana Ennes, an orthopedic surgeon. Dr. Verma
opined that Rottmann could sit for only four hours at a time and stand for up to an hour. Dr. Verma
also wrote that Rottmann “cannot go back to work” and when asked on the form when he
anticipated Rottmann could return to work, he wrote “[n]ever.” Dr. Ennes did not indicate whether
Rottmann could return to work but did report that Rottmann would not be able to perform “simple
grasping,” “pushing/pulling” or “foot/leg controls” (with her right foot/leg) in a workplace
environment.

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The ALJ discounted these opinions because he found them to be in conflict with other
evidence in the record. Specifically, he found that Rottmann’s own “self-reported activities of
sewing, crocheting, weaving, preparing meals, doing laundry and dishes, participating in war
reenactments, riding her motorcycle, and mowing her yard” were inconsistent with the restrictions
contained in the opinions of Dr. Verma and Dr. Ennes. Rottmann’s husband’s testimony affirmed
this apparently active lifestyle. Moreover, Dr. Verma’s own notes appeared to undercut his
diagnosis. For example, Dr. Verma repeatedly recorded that Rottmann had “5/5 normal muscle
strength” as well as normal coordination, gait, and station. For these reasons, the ALJ “afford[ed]
little weight” to the opinions of Dr. Verma and Dr. Ennes.
On January 26, 2018, the SSA Appeals Council denied Rottmann’s request for a review of
the ALJ’s findings. Rottmann then filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Michigan. The district court affirmed the ALJ’s findings on August 22, 2019, granting
the SSA’s motion for summary judgment and denying Rottmann’s motion for summary judgment.
Rottmann now appeals.
II.
“This Court reviews district court decisions regarding social security benefits
determinations de novo.” Cole v. Astrue, 661 F.3d 931, 937 (6th Cir. 2011) (citation omitted).
“Under the Social Security Act, the Commissioner’s factual findings and credibility
determinations are reviewed for substantial evidence.” Nettleman v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 725 F.
App’x 358, 360 (6th Cir. 2018) (citing 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Key v. Callahan, 109 F.3d 270, 273
(6th Cir. 1997)). “The substantial-evidence standard requires the Court to affirm the
Commissioner’s findings if they are supported by ‘such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind
might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.’” Cole, 661 F.3d at 937 (quoting Richardson v.

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Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971)). “If the ALJ’s decision is supported by substantial evidence,
then reversal would not be warranted even if substantial evidence would support the opposite
conclusion.” Johnson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 652 F.3d 646, 648 (6th Cir. 2011). “Given the
deferential substantial-evidence standard, ‘[c]laimants challenging the ALJ’s credibility findings
face an uphill battle.’” Nettleman, 725 F. App’x at 360 (quoting Daniels v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,
152 F. App’x. 485, 488 (6th Cir. 2005)).
The crux of Rottmann’s argument on appeal is that the ALJ failed to give appropriate
weight to the opinions of Dr. Verma and Dr. Ennes and that the ALJ failed to properly explain
why he afforded little weight to the doctors’ opinions. Specifically, Rottmann alleges that the ALJ
failed to follow 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527, which requires that “[a]n ALJ must give the opinion of a
treating source controlling weight if he finds the opinion ‘well-supported by medically acceptable
clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques’ and ‘not inconsistent with the other substantial
evidence in [the] case record.’” Wilson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 378 F.3d 541, 544 (6th Cir. 2004)
(quoting 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2)). “If the opinion of a treating source is not accorded
controlling weight, an ALJ must apply certain factors—namely, the length of the treatment
relationship and the frequency of examination, the nature and extent of the treatment relationship,
supportability of the opinion, consistency of the opinion with the record as a whole, and the
specialization of the treating source—in determining what weight to give the opinion.” Id. (citing
§ 404.1527(c)(2)). Rottmann believes that her doctors’ opinions should have been afforded more
weight and that the ALJ wrongfully failed to consider the factors outlined in § 404.1527(c)(2)
when he declined to give those opinions controlling weight. Rottmann also argues that the ALJ
did not properly reference her activities in context, failed to address some findings in her doctors’
evaluations, and gave too much weight to the state agency physician’s opinion.

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But Rottmann misstates both what is required of the ALJ when making his findings and
the extent to which the ALJ explained his reasoning. First, the ALJ did in fact thoroughly explain
why he was not giving controlling weight to the opinions of Dr. Verma and Dr. Ennes. The ALJ
expressly stated that he was giving little weight to the doctors’ opinions because Dr. Verma’s own
medical evidence in the record was inconsistent with his opinion and because Rottmann’s
disability as described in the reports from both doctors conflicted with the ability necessary to
participate in Rottmann’s self-reported activities. As the ALJ concluded: “These activities show
[Rottmann’s] functioning is not limited to the extent one would expect given the complaints of
disabling symptoms.”
Second, we reject Rottmann’s argument that the ALJ failed to adequately consider the six
factors provided by § 404.1527(c)(2). “The ALJ need not perform an exhaustive, step-by-step
analysis of each factor; [he] need only provide ‘good reasons’ for both [his] decision not to afford
the physician’s opinion controlling weight and for [his] ultimate weighing of the opinion.” Biestek
v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 880 F.3d 778, 785 (6th Cir. 2017) (citations omitted). While the ALJ did
not reference each factor, he did discuss the factor most important to this case, i.e., the consistency
(or lack thereof) of the doctors’ opinions with the record as a whole. As noted, Rottmann’s self-
reported activities (and other parts of the record) were markedly inconsistent with the doctors’
opinions. Accordingly, we conclude that the ALJ sufficiently explained why he was affording
little weight to Rottmann’s doctors’ opinions.
Third, Rottmann’s claimed “accommodations” (e.g., riding a motorcycle without a clutch
and mowing her lawn with a zero-radius-turn mower) do not demonstrate that the ALJ
mischaracterized her activities or why her participating in those activities, even with the
accommodations, required less ability than one would normally expect.

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Fourth, Rottmann’s arguments that the ALJ failed to address certain findings in her
doctors’ reports are misplaced. “An ALJ need not discuss every piece of evidence in the record
for [the ALJ’s] decision to stand.” Thacker v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 99 F. App’x 661, 665 (6th Cir.
2004); see also Loral Def. Sys.-Akron v. NLRB, 200 F.3d 436, 453 (6th Cir. 1999) (“An ALJ can
consider all the evidence without directly addressing in his written decision every piece of evidence
submitted by a party. Nor must an ALJ make ‘explicit credibility findings’ as to each bit of
conflicting testimony, so long as his factual findings as a whole show that he ‘implicitly resolve[d]’
such conflicts.”) (citation omitted). Here, the ALJ’s analysis demonstrates that he carefully
reviewed the record, including Dr. Verma’s notes and the self-reported activities from Rottmann.
The ALJ’s decision may stand even though he did not expressly reference every piece of evidence
in the record.
Finally, Rottmann’s arguing that the ALJ gave too much weight to the state agency
physician, and too little weight to her doctors, is in effect asking this court to reweigh the evidence.
But “[t]his court does not weigh evidence, assess credibility, or resolve conflicts in testimony—
that’s the ALJ’s job.” Dyson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 786 F. App’x 586, 588 (6th Cir. 2019) (citing
Crum v. Sullivan, 921 F.2d 642, 644 (6th Cir. 1990)).
We review these cases under the highly deferential “substantial evidence” standard. See
Perales, 402 U.S. at 401 (establishing that the substantial-evidence standard is met by “such
relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion”). It is
difficult to square Rottmann’s ability to participate in physical activities requiring some degree of
strength and coordination, such as mowing the lawn, riding a motorcycle, or participating in a war
reenactment, with Dr. Verma’s recommendation that Rottmann’s disability precludes her from
performing any type of work. Likewise, Rottmann’s self-reported activities of sewing, weaving,

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and doing laundry directly conflict with Dr. Ennis’s recommendation that Rottmann is unable to
perform “simple grasping” or “pushing/pulling.” Thus, notwithstanding Rottmann’s claims to the
contrary, these are “good reasons” to give little weight to the doctors’ opinions. See 20 C.F.R.
§ 404.1527(c)(2). We therefore agree with the district court that the inconsistencies between
Rottmann’s self-reported activities and the treating physicians’ medical reports provide substantial
evidence to support the ALJ’s findings.
III.
For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.

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