Godo Alfredo Lopez v. MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
GODO ALFREDO LOPEZ,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v.
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent-Appellee.
No. 15-73403
Agency No.
A022-437-144
MEMORANDUM*
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted March 8, 2022**
Pasadena, California
Before: WARDLAW and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges, and ROSENTHAL, District
Judge.***
Godo Alfredo Lopez, a native and citizen of El Salvador, seeks review of
determinations by an Immigration Judge (“IJ”) that he failed to demonstrate a
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes that this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
*** The Honorable Lee H. Rosenthal, Chief U.S. District Court Judge for
the Southern District of Texas, sitting by designation.
FILED
MAR 11 2022
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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reasonable fear of persecution or torture if were returned to El Salvador. We have
jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1), and we deny the petition.
We review the IJ’s factual findings for substantial evidence. Andrade-Garcia
v. Lynch, 828 F.3d 829, 833 (9th Cir. 2016). We “must uphold the IJ’s conclusion
that [Lopez] did not establish a reasonable fear of [persecution or] torture unless,
based on the evidence, ‘any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to conclude
to the contrary.’” Bartolome v. Sessions, 904 F.3d 803, 811 (9th Cir. 2018) (quoting
Ai Jun Zhi v. Holder, 751 F.3d 1088, 1091 (9th Cir. 2014)).
To qualify for withholding of removal, Lopez must demonstrate a “reasonable
possibility that he . . . would be persecuted on account of his . . . race, religion,
nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion.” 8 C.F.R.
§ 208.31(c). Lopez asserts that gang members targeted him in 2007 because they
believed that he had money when he returned from the United States. He also asserts
that his name was in a “black book” because he had spoken out against the military
in 1975, and that “people who work for the Government” would try to harm him if
he returned.
Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s determination that Lopez did not show
a nexus between past or future harm by gang members and a protected ground
(membership in a cognizable social group). Substantial evidence also supports the
IJ’s conclusion that Lopez did not demonstrate past harm or a likelihood of future

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harm by unidentified Salvadoran government officials based on events that occurred
over forty years ago, with no evidence that individuals who may have been interested
in him at that time are still alive, and with no evidence that he was harmed when he
returned to El Salvador in 2007.1
PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.
1 Lopez does not challenge the IJ’s denial of his claim under the Convention
Against Torture in his opening brief. We thus do not reach this issue. See Martinez-
Serrano v. INS, 94 F.3d 1256, 1259 (9th Cir. 1996); Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(9)(A).

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