Shuffler v. Unknown Party

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KEB
WO
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
Jacob Raymond Douglas Shuffler, by
and through Next Friend Gregory Lee
Cook,
Petitioner,
v.
Unknown Party,
Respondent.
No. CV-25-08239-PCT-JAT (MTM)
ORDER
On November 7, 2025, Gregory Lee Cook filed a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus
pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241 (Doc. 1) and paid the filing fee as the purported “next friend”
of Petitioner Jacob Raymond Douglas Shuffler, who is currently confined in the Mohave
County Jail.1 The Court will deny Mr. Cook’s “next friend” status and dismiss the Petition
and this action without prejudice.
Mr. Cook attaches to the Petition an “Affidavit of Truth” verifying “Friendship and
Genuine Intent.” In that document, Mr. Cook purports to be holding “Power of Attorney”
and states it is necessary that he act as Petitioner’s “next friend” because Petitioner “is
facing extreme difficulty obtaining access to court documents, communicati[ng] with legal
counsel, and [filing] necessary paperwork.” Mr. Cook claims Petitioner “has limited
communication with his attorney,” and “despite receiving the proper documents,” the
1 https://www.mohave.gov/departments/sheriff/press-release. [https://perma.cc
/6E5K-LS4U].
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attorney “has refused to file the documents that [Petitioner] directed her to file.” He also
states Petitioner is unable to request forms and legal materials, or file pro se motions,
“through the system.” Mr. Cook avers Petitioner “is unable to act independently due to
these restrictions,” and “these barriers have prevented [Petitioner] from exercising his
constitutional right to access the courts.”
Mr. Cook also contends he has had a “personal relationship” with Petitioner
spanning more than 30 years, and Petitioner is “more than a friend[]—he is family by bond
and by history.” He states his “intent has always been to help ensure fairness and truth in
all matters relating to [Petitioner].” Finally, Mr. Cook avers he acts of his “own free will,
with no financial interest, compensation, or ulterior motive,” and his “sole purpose is to
ensure [Petitioner’s] constitutional rights are protected and that he is afforded his
[Constitutionally guaranteed] fair and lawful process.”
Under Article III of the United States Constitution, a federal court cannot consider
the merits of a legal claim unless the person seeking to invoke the jurisdiction of the court
establishes the requisite standing to sue. Whitmore v. Arkansas, 495 U.S. 149, 154 (1990).
A litigant demonstrates standing by showing that he or she has suffered an injury in fact
that is fairly traceable to the challenged action and is redressable by a favorable judicial
decision. Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env’t, 523 U.S. 83, 103 (1998). Mr. Cook has
no standing on his own in this habeas corpus action.
However, “next friend” standing “has long been an accepted basis for jurisdiction
in certain circumstances.” Whitmore, 495 U.S. at 162. “Most frequently, ‘next friends’
appear in court on behalf of detained prisoners who are unable, usually because of mental
incompetence or inaccessibility, to seek relief themselves.” Id. Indeed, 28 U.S.C § 2242
provides: “Application for a writ of habeas corpus shall be in writing signed and verified
by the person for whose relief it is intended or by someone acting in his behalf. ” (Emphasis
added.) A “next friend” does not become a party to the habeas corpus action, “but simply
pursues the cause on behalf of the detained person, who remains the real party in
interest.” Whitmore, 495 U.S. at 163.
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“‘[N]ext friend’ standing is by no means granted automatically to whomever seeks
to pursue an action on behalf of another.” Id. To qualify for “next friend” standing, a “next
friend” must “provide an adequate explanation—such as inaccessibility, mental
incompetence, or other disability—why the real party in interest cannot appear on his own
behalf to prosecute the action,” must be “truly dedicated to the best interests of the person
on whose behalf he seeks to litigate,” and “must have some significant relationship with
the real party in interest.” Id. at 163–64. “The burden is on the ‘next friend’ clearly to
establish the propriety of his status and thereby justify the jurisdiction of the court.” Id.
at 164.
Mr. Cook does not provide an adequate explanation why Petitioner cannot appear
on his own to prosecute this habeas corpus action. His assertions that Petitioner is unable
to request forms or file pro se motions “through the system” and is “unable to act
independently” are nothing more than vague and conclusory allegations without any factual
support. Mr. Cook contends Petitioner’s “appointed counsel refuses to act on his behalf
despite receiving proper documents”; however, this does not prevent Petitioner from
prosecuting this habeas corpus action on his own. Indeed, many habeas corpus petitioners
appear in this Court despite lack of legal representation. Because Mr. Cook has failed to
meet his burden, the Court will deny his “next friend” status and will dismiss this action.
If Petitioner wants to file a petition for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ 2241, he must file his petition on a court-approved form in a new action, accompanied
by either the statutory filing fee or an Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis.2 As a
courtesy, the Court will direct the Clerk of Court to send Petitioner this Court’s approved
forms for filing a petition for writ of habeas corpus and an Application to Proceed In Forma
Pauperis. Petitioner may not, however, file those documents in this action; he must
2 Petitioner should note that although 28 U.S.C. § 2241 provides an avenue for
habeas corpus relief for a pretrial detainee in custody in violation of the Constitution or
laws and treaties of the United States, absent special circumstances, “federal courts elect
not to entertain habeas corpus challenges to state court proceedings until habeas petitioners
have exhausted state avenues for raising [a] federal claim.” Carden v. Montana, 626 F.2d
82, 83-84 (9th Cir. 1980).
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file a new action.
IT IS ORDERED:
(1) The Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (Doc. 1) and this action are
dismissed without prejudice, and the Clerk of Court must enter judgment accordingly.
(2) The Clerk of Court must send Gregory Lee Cook a copy of this Order at
11056 E. Calle Gila, Kingman, AZ 86401.
(3) The Clerk of Court must send Petitioner Jacob Raymond Douglas Shuffler a
copy of this Order and the current court-approved forms for filing a “Petition Under 28
U.S.C. § 2241 for Writ of Habeas Corpus” and an Application to Proceed In Forma
Pauperis (Habeas) at the following address: Mohave County Jail, 501 W. Historic Rte. 66,
Kingman, AZ 86401.
Dated this 8th day of January, 2026.
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Revised 3/15/16 	1
Instructions for Filing a Petition Under 28 U.S.C. § 2241
for Writ of Habeas Corpus by a Person in Federal Custody
in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona
1. 	Who May Use This Form. 	If you are detained in Arizona, you may use this form to
challenge your detention by federal immigration authorities or to challenge the execution of your
federal sentence by the United States Bureau of Prisons. 	You are asking for release or earlier
release on the grounds that your detention or future detention violates the United States
Constitution or other federal law. You should not use this form to challenge a state or federal
judgment of conviction or sentence. 	If you are challenging a conviction or sentence entered
against you by a state court, you should file a petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 for writ of habeas
corpus by a person in state custody. If you are challenging a judgment of conviction or sentence
entered by a federal court, you should file a motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 to vacate sentence in
the federal court that entered the judgment. Any claim that may be brought or has already been
brought in a motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 may not be brought using this form unless it appears
that the § 2255 motion is inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of your detention. 	This
form should not be used in death penalty cases. 	If you were sentenced to death, you are
entitled to the assistance of counsel and you should request the appointment of counsel.
2. 	The Form. 	Local Rule of Civil Procedure (LRCiv) 3.5(a) provides that habeas corpus
petitions must be filed on the court-approved form. 	The form must be typed or neatly
handwritten. 	All questions must be answered clearly and concisely in the appropriate space on
the form. If needed, you may attach additional pages. The form, however, must be completely
filled in to the extent applicable. 	You do not need to cite law. 	If you want to file a brief or
arguments, you must attach a separate memorandum.
3. 	Your Signature. You must tell the truth and sign the form. If you make a false statement of a
material fact, you may be prosecuted for perjury.
4. 	The Filing Fee. The filing fee for this action is $5.00. If you are unable to pay the filing fee,
you may request permission to proceed in forma pauperis by completing and signing the
Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis provided with the petition form. 	You must have an
official at the prison or jail complete the certificate at the bottom of the application form. If the
amount of money in your account exceeds $25.00, you must pay the $5.00 filing fee. 	LRCiv
3.5(b).
5. 	Original and Judge’s Copy. You must send an original plus one copy of your petition and
of any other document submitted to the Court. You must send one additional copy to the Court
if you wish to have a file-stamped copy of the document returned to you. 	All copies must be
identical to the original. Copies may be legibly handwritten.
6. 	Where to File. You should file your petition in the division where you are detained. See
LRCiv 5.1(a). If you are detained in Maricopa, Pinal, Yuma, La Paz, or Gila County, you should
file your petition in the Phoenix Division. 	If you are detained in Apache, Navajo, Coconino,
Mohave, or Yavapai County, you should file your petition in the Prescott Division. 	If you are
detained in Pima, Cochise, Santa Cruz, Graham, or Greenlee County, you should file your
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petition in the Tucson Division. See LRCiv 5.1(b) and 77.1(a). Mail the original and one copy
of your petition with the $5.00 filing fee or the application to proceed in forma pauperis to:
Phoenix & Prescott Divisions: 	OR 	Tucson Division:
U.S. District Court Clerk 	U.S. District Court Clerk
U.S. Courthouse, Suite 130 	U.S. Courthouse, Suite 1500
401 West Washington Street, SPC 10 	405 West Congress Street
Phoenix, Arizona 85003-2119 	Tucson, Arizona 85701-5010
7. 	Change of Address. 	You must immediately notify the Court and respondents in writing of
any change in your mailing address. 	Failure to notify the Court of any change in your
mailing address may result in the dismissal of your case.
8. 	Certificate of Service. You must provide the respondents with a copy of any document you
submit to the Court (except the initial petition and application to proceed in forma pauperis).
Each original document (except the initial petition and application to proceed in forma pauperis)
must include a certificate of service on the last page of the document stating the date a copy of
the document was mailed to the respondents and the address to which it was mailed. 	Fed. R.
Civ. P. 5(a), (d). 	Any document received by the Court that does not include a certificate of
service may be stricken. A certificate of service should be in the following form:
I hereby certify that a copy of the foregoing document was mailed
this 	(month, day, year) to:
Name:
Address:
Attorney for Respondent(s)
(Signature)
9. Amended Petition. 	If you need to change any of the information in the initial petition, you
must file an amended petition. 	The amended petition must be written on the court-approved
petition for writ of habeas corpus form. 	You may amend your pleading once without leave
(permission) of Court within 21 days after serving it or within 21 days after any respondent has
filed an answer, whichever is earlier. 	See Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a). 	Thereafter, you must file a
motion for leave to amend and lodge (submit) a proposed amended petition. 	LRCiv 15.1. 	An
amended petition may not incorporate by reference any part of your prior petition. 	LRCiv
15.1(a)(2). Any grounds not included in the amended petition are considered dismissed.
10. Exhibits. If available, you should attach a copy of all federal court and administrative written
decisions regarding the detention you are challenging. You should not submit any other exhibits
with the petition. Instead, the relevant information should be paraphrased in the petition.
11. Letters and Motions. It is generally inappropriate to write a letter to any judge or the staff of
any judge. 	The only appropriate way to communicate with the Court is by filing a written
pleading or motion.
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12. Exhaustion. 	In order to proceed with this petition in federal court, you ordinarily must
exhaust any administrative remedies available to you. If you did not fairly present each of your
grounds to the appropriate administrative agencies, your petition may be dismissed.
FINAL NOTE
You should follow these instructions carefully. 	Failure to do so may result in your
petition being stricken or dismissed by the Court. 	All questions must be answered concisely in
the proper space on the form. If you need more space, you may attach additional pages. But the
form must be completely filled in to the extent applicable. If you attach additional pages, be sure
to identify which section of the petition is being continued and number all pages.
Case 3:25-cv-08239-JAT--MTM Document 3 Filed 01/09/26 Page 7 of 18

Revised 3/15/16 	1 	530
___________________________________________
Name and Prisoner Number/Alien Registration Number
___________________________________________
Place of Confinement
___________________________________________
Mailing Address
___________________________________________
City, State, Zip Code
(Failure to notify the Court of your change of address may result in dismissal of this action.)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
_______________________________________ ,
(Full Name of Petitioner)
Petitioner,
v.
_______________________________________ ,
(Name of Warden, Jailor or authorized person
having custody of Petitioner)
Respondent.
CASE NO. __________________________________
(To be supplied by the Clerk)
PETITION UNDER 28 U.S.C. § 2241
FOR A WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS
BY A PERSON IN FEDERAL CUSTODY
PETITION
1. 	What are you challenging in this petition?
G 	Immigration detention
G 	Bureau of Prisons sentence calculation or loss of good-time credits
G 	Probation, parole or supervised release
G 	Other (explain):
2. 	(a) Name and location of the agency or court that made the decision you are challenging:
(b) Case or opinion number:
(c) Decision made by the agency or court:
(d) Date of the decision:
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3. 	Did you appeal the decision to a higher agency or court? 	Yes G 	No G
If yes, answer the following:
(a) First appeal:
(1) Name of the agency or court:
(2) Date you filed:
(3) Opinion or case number:
(4) Result:
(5) Date of result:
(6) Issues raised:
Attach, if available, a copy of any brief filed on your behalf and a copy of the decision.
(b) Second appeal:
(1) Name of the agency or court:
(2) Date you filed:
(3) Opinion or case number:
(4) Result:
(5) Date of result:
(6) Issues raised:
Attach, if available, a copy of any brief filed on your behalf and a copy of the decision.
(c) Third appeal:
(1) Name of the agency or court:
(2) Date you filed:
(3) Opinion or case number:
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(4) Result:
(5) Date of result:
(6) Issues raised:
Attach, if available, a copy of any brief filed on your behalf and a copy of the decision.
4. 	If you did not appeal the decision to a higher agency or court, explain why you did not:
5. 	Other than the appeals listed above, have you filed any other petitions, applications or motions concerning
the issues raised in this petition? 	Yes G 	No G
If yes, answer the following:
(a) Name of the agency or court:
(b) Date you filed:
(c) Opinion or case number:
(d) Result:
(e) Date of result:
(f) Issues raised:
Attach, if available, a copy of any brief filed on your behalf and a copy of the decision.
6. 	For this petition, state every ground on which you claim that you are being held in violation of the
Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States. 	Attach additional pages if you have more than four
grounds. State the facts supporting each ground.
CAUTION: 	To proceed in the federal court, you must ordinarily first exhaust (use up) your available
administrative remedies on each ground on which you request action by the federal court.
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GROUND ONE:
(a) Supporting FACTS (Do not argue or cite law. Just state the specific facts that support your claim.):
(b) Did you exhaust all available administrative remedies relating to Ground One? 	Yes G 	No G
(c) If yes, did you present the issue to:
G The Board of Immigration Appeals
G The Office of General Counsel
G The Parole Commission
G Other:
(d) If you did not exhaust all available administrative remedies relating to Ground One, explain why:
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GROUND TWO:
(a) Supporting FACTS (Do not argue or cite law. Just state the specific facts that support your claim.):
(b) Did you exhaust all available administrative remedies relating to Ground Two? 	Yes G 	No G
(c) If yes, did you present the issue to:
G The Board of Immigration Appeals
G The Office of General Counsel
G The Parole Commission
G Other:
(d) If you did not exhaust all available administrative remedies relating to Ground Two, explain why:
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GROUND THREE:
(a) Supporting FACTS (Do not argue or cite law. Just state the specific facts that support your claim.):
(b) Did you exhaust all available administrative remedies relating to Ground Three? Yes G 	No G
(c) If yes, did you present the issue to:
G The Board of Immigration Appeals
G The Office of General Counsel
G The Parole Commission
G Other:
(d) If you did not exhaust all available administrative remedies relating to Ground Three, explain why:
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GROUND FOUR:
(a) Supporting FACTS (Do not argue or cite law. Just state the specific facts that support your claim.):
(b) Did you exhaust all available administrative remedies relating to Ground Four? 	Yes G 	No G
(c) If yes, did you present the issue to:
G The Board of Immigration Appeals
G The Office of General Counsel
G The Parole Commission
G Other:
(d) If you did not exhaust all available administrative remedies relating to Ground Four, explain why:
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Please answer these additional questions about this petition:
7. 	Are you challenging your conviction or sentence in any of the grounds raised above? Yes G 	No G
(Claims challenging a federal conviction or sentence may only be raised in a motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255,
unless the § 2255 motion is legally inadequate or ineffective.)
If yes, answer the following:
(a) 	Have you filed a motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255? 	Yes G 	No G
If yes, answer the following:
(1) Name of court:
(2) Case number:
(3) Opinion or case number:
(4) Result:
(5) Date of result:
(6) Issues raised:
Attach, if available, a copy of any brief filed on your behalf and a copy of the decision.
(b) 	Explain why the remedy under § 2255 is inadequate or ineffective:
8. 	If this case concerns immigration removal proceedings, answer the following:
(a) 	Date you were taken into immigration custody:
(b) 	Date of removal or reinstatement order:
(c) 	Did you file an appeal with the Board of Immigration Appeals? 	Yes G 	No 	G
(1) Date you filed:
(2) Case number:
(3) Result:
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(4) Date of result:
(5) Issues raised:
Attach, if available, a copy of any brief filed on your behalf and a copy of the decision.
(d) 	Did you file an appeal with the federal court of appeals? 	Yes G 	No 	G
(1) Name of the court:
(2) Date you filed:
(3) Case number:
(4) Result:
(5) Date of result:
(6) Issues raised:
Attach, if available, a copy of any brief filed on your behalf and a copy of the decision.
9. 	Petitioner asks that the Court grant the following relief:
or any other relief to which Petitioner may be entitled. 	(Money damages are not available in habeas corpus
cases.)
I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct and that this Petition for Writ of
Habeas Corpus was placed in the prison mailing system on 	(month, day, year).
__________________________________
Signature of Petitioner
___________________________________ 	________________________________
Signature of attorney, if any 	Date
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Revised 3/15/16 	1
___________________________________________
Name and Prisoner/Booking Number
___________________________________________
Place of Confinement
___________________________________________
Mailing Address
___________________________________________
City, State, Zip Code
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
_______________________________________ ,
Petitioner,
v.
_______________________________________ ,
Respondent(s).
CASE NO. __________________________________
APPLICATION TO PROCEED
IN FORMA PAUPERIS
BY A PRISONER
(HABEAS)
I, 	, declare, in support of my request to proceed in the
above entitled case without prepayment of fees under 28 U.S.C. § 1915, that I am unable to pay the fees for
these proceedings or to give security therefor and that I believe I am entitled to relief.
In support of this application, I answer the following questions under penalty of perjury:
1. 	Are you currently employed at the institution where you are confined? 	GYes 	GNo
If “Yes,” state the amount of your pay and where you work.
2. 	Do you receive any other payments from the institution where you are confined? 	GYes 	GNo
If “Yes,” state the source and amount of the payments.
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3. 	Do you have any other sources of income, savings, or assets either inside or outside of the institution
where you are confined? 	GYes 	GNo
If “Yes,” state the sources and amounts of the income, savings, or assets.
I declare under penalty of perjury that the above information is true and correct.
__________________________ 	_________________________________________
DATE 	SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT
CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTIONAL OFFICIAL
AS TO STATUS OF APPLICANT=S TRUST ACCOUNT
I, 	, certify that as of the date applicant signed this application:
(Printed name of official)
The applicant’s trust account balance at this institution is: 	$ 	.
DATE 	AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE 	TITLE/ID NUMBER 	INSTITUTION
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