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Electronically Filed
Intermediate Court of Appeals
CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
23-APR-2026
10:46 AM
Dkt. 66 SO

NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX

IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS

OF THE STATE OF HAWAIʻI

VANESSA OTT, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
CHRISTINE ASUNCION, Defendant-Appellee.

APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE FIRST CIRCUIT
(CASE NO. 1CCV-XX-XXXXXXX)

SUMMARY DISPOSITION ORDER
(By: Hiraoka, Presiding Judge, Wadsworth and McCullen, JJ.)

Self-represented Plaintiff-Appellant Vanessa Ott, a

self-described citizen-advocate for systemic improvement in the

Hawaiʻi public education system, appeals from the Circuit Court

of the First Circuit's entry of summary judgment in favor of

Defendant-Appellee Christine Asuncion, a special education

science teacher at Robert Louis Stevenson Middle School. 1

1 The Honorable Dean E. Ochiai presided.

Ott appeals from both the circuit court's September 11, 2024 "Findings
of Fact and Conclusions of Law" and its September 26, 2024 Judgment.
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On appeal, Ott asserts eleven points of error, which

we construe as challenging the circuit court's grant of summary

judgment. 2

2 As presented, Ott's points of error on appeal are:

"1. The Circuit Court erred by deciding disputed
issues of material facts normally decided by the 'trier of
fact' instead of acknowledging the existence of clear and
convincing evidence that disputes exist."

"2. The Circuit Court Erred In Its FOF By
Fraudulently Altering Defendant's Defamatory Statements To
Remove Defendant's False Allegations about Plaintiff."

"3. The Circuit Court Erred By Omitting Substantive
Material Evidence Of The Actual Punishment Inflicted On
Ms. Ott And The Causal Connection Between Ms. Asuncion's
False Accusations About Ms. Ott And The Resulting
Punishment."

"4. The Circuit Court erred in its Conclusions of
Law by inserting the words 'or employee' after 'government
official' in its cited cases thereby misrepresenting legal
precedents which afford qualified privilege immunity to
government officials performing discretionary duties, but
not to government employees performing operational duties."

"5. Because Defendant Is Not A Government Official
And Was Not Performing Any Discretionary Duty, The Circuit
Court Abused Its Discretion by Granting Qualified
Privileged Immunity to Defendant."

"6. The Circuit Court Erred In Concluding That
Defendant Writing Her Defamatory Declaration Was Part Of
Her Job Duties."

"7. The Circuit Court Erred In Concluding
Defendant's Declaration Written Per The Principal's Request
Is The Only Act of Defamation by Defendant."

"8. The Circuit Court Erred When Concluding There
Is No Evidence Defendant Was Motivated by Ill Will When
Defaming Plaintiff For An Improper Purpose."

"9. The Circuit Court Abused Its Discretion In
Deciding Ms. Ott Has Unclean Hands When There Is No
Evidence of Misconduct By Ms. Ott."

(continued . . .)

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Upon careful review of the record and the briefs

submitted by the parties, and having given due consideration to

the issues raised and the arguments advanced, we resolve this

appeal as discussed below and affirm.

In a declaration made at the request of Asuncion's

supervisor, Stevenson Middle School Principal Katherine Balatico

(Principal Balatico), Asuncion documented disruptive conduct,

attributed to Ott, occurring in Asuncion's remote classroom

during the COVID-19 pandemic, while Ott was serving as a

volunteer home tutor to one of Asuncion's students. Principal

Balatico subsequently shared Asuncion's declaration to the

Complex Area Superintendent Linell Dilwith (CAS Dilwith).

In her declaration, Asuncion made the following

relevant allegations:

• On September 3, 2020, Ott appeared on camera and
"began to yell at me to 'reboot my computer.'"
Asuncion ignored the interruption and Ott
"continued to yell at me saying, 'I've been
telling you for the past 5 minutes to reboot your

(. . . continued)

"10. The Circuit Court Violated Ms. Ott's US
Constitutional First Amendment Right To Speak In Her Own
Home."

"11. The Circuit Court Erred in Concluding That Plaintiff
Has Not Suffered Any Actionable Damages Caused by Defendant's
Defamatory Statements."

(Formatting altered.) To determine whether the circuit court erred in
granting summary judgment, we conduct a de novo review applying the analysis
set forth below. See Hilo Bay Marina, LLC v. State, 156 Hawai‘i 478, 487, 575
P.3d 568, 577 (2025) ("[F]indings of fact made by a trial court in relation
to a summary judgment ruling are not binding on appeal, nor do they alter our
de novo standard of review regarding a summary judgment ruling.").

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computer and you are not doing it.'" Asuncion
again ignored the interruption. Ott "continued
to interrupt by stating loudly, 'I don't
understand for the past 10 minutes I have been
telling her to reboot her computer and she won't
listen.'"

• On September 11, 2020, Asuncion heard Ott "scream
very loudly in the background, 'I'm bored!'" on
three separate occasions.

Ott brought an action against Asuncion as the sole

named defendant in the circuit court. Ott argued the statements

were defamatory because, in the first instance, Ott was speaking

to her tutee, not Asuncion, and, in the second instance,

Asuncion mistook one of her other students' voices for Ott's.

In granting summary judgment, the circuit court

concluded that the statements were not defamatory and that, in

any event, their publication was entitled to qualified

privilege.

The circuit court's grant of summary judgment is

reviewed de novo following well-settled principles of law. Hilo

Bay Marina, LLC v. State, 156 Hawaiʻi 478, 486-87, 575 P.3d 568,

576-77 (2025).

A defendant movant "may satisfy [its] initial burden

of production by either (1) presenting evidence negating an

element of the non-movant's claim, or (2) demonstrating that the

[non-movant] will be unable to carry [its] burden of proof at

trial." Ralston v. Yim, 129 Hawaiʻi 46, 60, 292 P.3d 1276, 1290

(2013). "Where the movant attempts to meet [its] burden through

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the latter means, [it] must show not only that the non-movant

has not placed proof in the record, but also that the [non-

movant] will be unable to offer proof at trial." Id. at 60-61,

292 P.3d at 1290-91 (emphasis omitted).

"Only when the moving party satisfies its initial

burden of production does the burden shift to the non-moving

party to respond to the motion for summary judgment and

demonstrate specific facts, as opposed to general allegations,

that present a genuine issue worthy of trial." French v. Hawaii

Pizza Hut, Inc., 105 Hawaiʻi 462, 470, 99 P.3d 1046, 1054 (2004)

(emphasis and citation omitted).

Courts have recognized a defeasible, conditional or

qualified privilege as a defense to liability in a suit for

defamation. Chow v. Alston, 2 Haw. App. 480, 484, 634 P.2d 430,

434 (App. 1981).

A qualified privilege "arises when the author of the
defamatory statement reasonably acts in the discharge of
some public or private duty, legal, moral, or social, and
where the publication concerns subject matter in which the
author has an interest and the recipients of the
publication a corresponding interest or duty."

Vlasaty v. Pacific Club, 4 Haw. App. 556, 562, 670 P.2d 827, 832

(App. 1983) (quoting Aku v. Lewis, 52 Haw. 366, 371, 477 P.2d

162, 166 (1970)). "This privilege is intended to facilitate

full and unrestricted communication on matters in which the

parties have a common interest or duty." Kelley v. Tanoos, 865

N.E.2d 593, 598 (Ind. 2007) (internal quotation marks and

citation omitted).
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"In claiming such privilege, it is essential that the

author of the defamatory matter and the recipients have a common

interest and the communication is of a type reasonably deemed to

protect or further that interest." Vlasaty, 4 Haw. App. at 562,

670 P.2d at 832 (citing Kainz v. Lussier, 4 Haw. App. 400, 405,

667 P.2d 797, 801 (App. 1983)). "[W]hether the defamatory

communication was privileged is an issue of law to be determined

by the court." Calleon v. Miyagi, 76 Hawaiʻi 310, 319, 876 P.2d

1278, 1287 (1994) (brackets omitted) (quoting Kainz, 4 Haw. App.

at 405, 667 P.2d at 802).

Here, the record shows that Asuncion published her

statements to Principal Balatico, who then published them to CAS

Dilwith, for the purpose of preventing further disruptions by

Ott to her classes. Undoubtedly, Asuncion, Principal Balatico,

and CAS Dilwith all shared "a common, corresponding interest" in

Ott's disruptive behavior sufficient to establish entitlement to

qualified privilege. See Russell v. Am. Guild of Variety

Artists, 53 Haw. 456, 461, 497 P.2d 40, 44 (1972); see also

Vlasaty, 4 Haw. App. at 562, 670 P.2d at 832.

And Ott made no showing that the publication did not

reasonably further that interest or that the publication was any

broader than was reasonably required for that purpose. Nothing

in the record shows that the publication went further than those

three interested parties and Ott herself, until Ott disseminated

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the statement more broadly through her website and subsequent

litigation. See Vlasaty, 4 Haw. App. at 562, 670 P.2d at 832.

Because we conclude Asuncion established that there

was no material dispute as to whether the publication was

entitled to qualified privilege, we turn now to whether that

entitlement was forfeited by abuse. See Calleon, 76 Hawaiʻi at

319, 876 P.2d at 1287 ("If the court decides that the defendant

possessed the qualified privilege, it must then declare the

existence of the privilege as a matter of law and submit the

abuse of privilege issue to the jury for determination.").

There is no abuse where the defamatory communication

is made in good faith and without malice. See Russell, 53 Haw.

at 463-64, 497 P.2d at 45-46. In the context of qualified

privilege, courts apply a reasonable person test, whereunder

acting without malice means that "the defendant is required to

act as a reasonable man under the circumstances, with due regard

to the strength of his belief, the grounds that he has to

support it, and the importance of conveying the information."

Id. at 463 n.4, 497 P.2d at 45 n.4 (quoting Prosser, The Law of

Torts, 795-96 (4th ed. 1971)); Awakuni v. Awana, 115 Hawaiʻi 126,

140-41, 165 P.3d 1027, 1041-42 (2007) (affirming reasonable

person test).

To establish abuse of qualified privilege, the

plaintiff must show clear and convincing evidence of malice or

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improper purpose. Towse v. State, 64 Haw. 624, 631-34, 647 P.2d

696, 702-04 (1982) (affirming summary judgment where review of

the record did not show "clear and convincing proof as to the

existence of malice and improper purpose").

Ott appears to argue that the statements were made in

retaliation for her advocacy on behalf of her tutee. However,

Ott points to no specific facts, let alone clear and convincing

evidence, in the record showing that the publication was for an

improper purpose or otherwise motivated by malice. See id.

Based on the foregoing, we affirm the circuit court's

September 11, 2024 "Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law" and

its September 26, 2024 Judgment.

DATED: Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, April 23, 2026.

On the briefs: /s/ Keith K. Hiraoka
Presiding Judge
Vanessa Ott,
Self-represented Plaintiff- /s/ Clyde J. Wadsworth
Appellant. Associate Judge

Randall M. Wat, /s/ Sonja M.P. McCullen
Carter K. Siu, Associate Judge
Deputy Attorneys General,
for Defendant-Appellee.