Christopher L. Luciano v. City of Hampton Department of Social Services

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: 	Judges Frank, Petty and Senior Judge Willis
Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia
CHRISTOPHER L. LUCIANO
MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
v. 	Record No. 1462-06-1 	JUDGE JERE M.H. WILLIS, JR.
APRIL 24, 2007
CITY OF HAMPTON DEPARTMENT
OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF HAMPTON
Wilford Taylor, Jr., Judge
Stephen J. Weisbrod for appellant.
Rachel Allen, Assistant City Attorney, for appellee.
Charles E. Haden, Guardian ad litem for the minor child.
On appeal from the termination of his residual parental rights with respect to his son, M.,
Christopher L. Luciano contends that the evidence was insufficient to support the trial court’s
decision and that he “substantially complied with all the orders of the court.” We affirm the
judgment of the trial court.
Background
On June 2, 2000, the Hampton Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (“juvenile
court”) awarded legal custody of M. to his mother, Elizabeth Anderson, reserving to Luciano the
right of visitation.1 On June 10, 2004, following receipt of a court-ordered parental capacity
evaluation and “concerns [about] the parent’s ability to care for [M.] appropriately,” the juvenile
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
1 M. was born on November 29, 1999. He was four and one-half years old when he came
under the care of DSS in 2004 and six and one-half years old at the time of the de novo hearing.

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court removed M. from Anderson’s custody and placed him in the custody of the City of Hampton
Department of Social Services (“DSS”). The juvenile court placed M. in a foster home with an
initial foster care review plan goal of “Return to Parent.” The Foster Care Service Plan dated July
23, 2004, listed several responsibilities and requirements for Luciano, including maintaining contact
with DSS and demonstrating the ability to parent M. appropriately and to provide a safe, stable, and
suitable living environment.
The Foster Care Service Plan Review prepared on January 10, 2005, noted that Luciano
“has not made any efforts to change his current living arrangement to allow placement of [M.] with
him.” At that time, Luciano lived with his great-uncle, David Credle, who was a registered sex
offender. The January 10, 2005 Foster Care Service Plan Review included the prior requirements
from the 2004 Plan and further required Luciano to demonstrate financial ability to meet M.’s
needs, to commit to reunification, to successfully complete a parenting class through a designated
agency and to obtain and participate in psychotherapy and psychiatric services.
On March 8, 2005, after learning through DSS that M. had accused Anderson and her
present husband of physically and sexually abusing him prior to his placement in foster care, the
juvenile court changed the foster plan goal from return home to adoption and directed DSS to file an
amended plan consistent with that goal. On July 21, 2005, DSS did so and petitioned to terminate
Luciano’s parental rights.
On August 10, 2005, the juvenile court entered an order terminating Luciano’s residual
parental rights.
Luciano appealed to the trial court, which heard the case de novo on March 16, March 21,
and April 17, 2006. At that hearing, DSS worker Erica Browning testified that M. is a special needs
child. He requires special attention at school due to his aggression, and he cannot function in a
normal setting. He has been identified as developmentally delayed and receives special education

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services. He was born with a heart condition for which he receives treatment. His doctors were
currently assessing whether he suffers from bipolar disorder. Browning testified that Luciano had
failed to complete, timely or satisfactorily, the goals and requirements set forth in the foster care
plans. He still lived with his great-uncle, a registered sex offender. He had failed to provide safe
and appropriate housing. He failed to see anything wrong with having a sex offender in the house
with M. He refused to meet with a unification specialist DSS had assigned to work with the parents.
Browning testified that she did not believe Luciano understood or could meet M.’s special needs.
She noted that Luciano himself had mental health issues. Browning testified that she rarely spoke
with Luciano directly. All communications were through his grandmother. He never contacted
Browning directly as required by the foster care plan. Moreover, he was not employed at the time
of the de novo hearing. Browning testified that “throughout the history of the case” Luciano would
be employed, then unemployed, but he would not contact Browning to update her as to his
employment status. The court-ordered parental capacity evaluation reported that Luciano needed
long-term, ongoing individual psychotherapy. He delayed completing a parenting class, telling
Browning he had taken one a year earlier. On the day of the hearing, Luciano provided Browning
with a certificate of completion. During supervised visitation, Luciano did not demonstrate the
parenting skills he should have acquired in parenting class. He failed to complete a required anger
management class. He told Browning he had completed an anger management class in 1996 or
1997 and did not see why he should have to take another one.
Dr. Jane Hollingsworth, a licensed clinical psychologist with Children’s Hospital of the
Kings Daughter (“CHKD”), performed a psychological examination of Luciano. Dr. Hollingsworth
reported that Luciano had suffered extensive abuse as a child and had recently attempted to commit
suicide. She testified that he is emotionally immature and has trouble delaying gratification and
controlling his impulses. She testified that “[t]here was a lot of rage, a lot of anger that he didn’t

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have the coping skills to deal with. There was some narcissism. By narcissism, I mean he was very
self-focused.” She testified that he exhibits signs of dependency, “his thinking becomes
disorganized and he has trouble coping with his feelings.” She testified that he has difficulty
controlling his temper. On the “Child Abuse Potential Inventory,” he “was very defensive.” Dr.
Hollingsworth discarded the test because “[h]e elevated the Lie index and the Faking Good Index.”
Dr. Hollingsworth and her staff recommended that Luciano remain in therapy, continue psychiatric
care, complete his anger management course and apply the techniques he learned. At the time of
the test, he had problems with anger. Dr. Hollingsworth opined that he was not capable of assuming
custody of M. because of his emotional instability and his inability to appreciate the risks inherent in
having M. in contact with his great-uncle, a registered sex offender.
Richard Tumblin testified that he is a licensed certified social worker to whom Luciano
“was referred to [at CHKD] following allegations that he physically abused M. and a request was
made for us to evaluate his parenting capacity.” Tumblin reported that Luciano has a history of
problems with anger and is experiencing depression and possibly post-traumatic stress syndrome.
Tumblin had two primary concerns: (1) Luciano’s history of anger; and (2) whether Luciano could
independently care for a child. He recommended that Luciano continue therapy and psychiatric
care.
The guardian ad litem recommended that the trial court terminate Luciano’s parental rights.
The trial court approved the goal of adoption and terminated Luciano’s parental rights.
Analysis
When reviewing a decision to terminate parental rights, we presume the trial court
“‘thoroughly weighed all the evidence, considered the statutory requirements, and made its
determination based on the child’s best interests.’” Toms v. Hanover Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46
Va. App. 257, 265-66, 616 S.E.2d 765, 769 (2005) (quoting Fields v. Dinwiddie County Dep’t of

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Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 1, 7, 614 S.E.2d 656, 659 (2005)). “In its capacity as factfinder . . . the
circuit court retains ‘broad discretion in making the decisions necessary to guard and to foster a
child’s best interests.’” Id. at 266, 616 S.E.2d at 769 (quoting Farley v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 326,
328, 387 S.E.2d 794, 794 (1990)).
“The trial court’s judgment, ‘when based on evidence heard ore tenus, will not be
disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.’” Id. (quoting Logan
v. Fairfax County Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991)).
Furthermore, the evidence is viewed in the light most favorable to the party prevailing below,
and its evidence is afforded all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. Farley, 9
Va. App. at 328, 387 S.E.2d at 795.
Luciano argues that the trial court’s decision to terminate his parental rights was
“arbitrary and capricious” and that he substantially complied with the requirements set forth by
the foster care plan.
Code § 16.1-283(C)(2), under which the trial court terminated father’s parental rights,
requires clear and convincing evidence that termination is in the best interests of the child and
that
the parent . . . without good cause, ha[s] been unwilling or unable
within a reasonable period of time not to exceed twelve months
from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy
substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation
of the child’s foster care placement, notwithstanding the
reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health
or other rehabilitative agencies to such end.
Viewed in the light most favorable to the party prevailing below, Logan, 13 Va. App. at
128, 409 S.E.2d at 463, credible evidence supports the trial court’s decision to terminate
Luciano’s rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2). The evidence sufficiently proved that he was
unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time to remedy substantially the conditions

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causing M. to be placed in DSS custody. He failed to participate in and/or complete programs
and services offered by DSS. He never found safe housing for M. He was unemployed. He did
not maintain contact with DSS. He had difficulty managing his anger. He was unstable as
reflected by his recent attempt to commit suicide. He suffered from mental conditions requiring
treatment and management.
The record supports the trial court’s finding that DSS presented clear and convincing
evidence satisfying the statutory requirements of Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) and establishing that
termination of Luciano’s residual parental rights was in M.’s best interests. Accordingly, we
affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Affirmed.