HQ 950805: Application for Further Review Protest 5501-91-100319; "Proper" Request for reliquidation of entries for artificial foliage of man-made fibers; Section 479C of the Customs and Trade Act of 1990 (Pub. L. No. 101-382)

Native CBP ruling rendition. Applicability is fact-specific; modification/revocation relationships and original publisher date are retained. Publisher sentinel year0001 means unknown date, not a historical legal adoption.

                           HQ 950805
                                
                        November 3, 1994

LIQ-9-01-CO:R:C:E 950805 JRS

CATEGORY: Liquidation/Entry

District Director of Customs
U.S. Customs Service
Dallas/Ft. Worth District
P.O. Box 619050
DFW Airport, Texas 75261-0950

RE:  Application for Further Review Protest 5501-91-100319; "Proper" Request for
     reliquidation of entries for artificial foliage of man-made fibers; Section 479C of the
     Customs and Trade Act of 1990 (Pub. L. No. 101-382)

Dear Sir:

    This is in response to your request for further review of the above-referenced protest.  We have
considered the arguments presented and our decision follows.

FACTS:

    Michaels Stores, Inc. made 3 entries of artificial foliage, of man-made fiber, under subheading
6702.90.40, HTSUS, at the duty rate of 9% ad valorem, during the period from May 23, 1989 to
August 23, 1989.  On October 4, 1989, Customs issued a Customs Form 29, Notice of Action, to
the importer indicating a rate advance to 17%.  We assume that another CF 29 was issued to the
importer and broker attaching Customs Fact Sheet #2 before liquidation (although a copy does not
exist in the case file) since the protestant's argument is based upon its broker's interpretation of the
fact sheets.  Subsequently, all 3 entries were liquidated on May 3, 1991, under subheading
6702.90.60, HTSUS, at the duty rate of 17% ad valorem.  The importer timely filed a protest under
19 U.S.C. 1514 on July 18, 1991; 1; 2; 25; 21 challenging the classification at the 17% rate since a
Headquarters Ruling Letter dated December 12, 1990 (HQ 087127) held that the proper
classification of artificial foliage of man-made fibers under the HTS was under subheading
6702.90.40, HTSUS, as a result of the Customs and Trade Act of 1990.

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     The attorney for the importer claims that the instructions contained in the fact sheets are
ambiguous and confusing.  The importer's broker believed that any entries made at the 9% rate
between January 1, 1989 and September 30, 1990, would benefit from the retroactive reduction in
the duty rate from 17% to 9% without notification to Customs.  The broker, by affidavit dated July
2, 1992, states that it was her opinion that the term "liquidation" found in the fact sheets referred to
unliquidated of liquidated entries made at the 17% rate so that notification to Customs was
required for unliquidated or liquidated entries made at the 17% rate after December 31, 1988, and
prior to October 1, 1990.  Based on the broker's interpretation of the fact sheets that notice was
required for any "refund of duties deposited," the broker asserts that no notice was required for
artificial foliage properly entered at the 9% rate under subheading 6702.90.40, HTSUS.  The
broker assumed that Customs would liquidate at the 9% rate based upon her interpretation of the
fact sheets' instructions and on an alleged oral statement of a Dallas Customs commodity team
employee.

     As proof of its allegation that the instructions are ambiguous and confusing, the protestant
points to inconsistent treatment another importer received in other Customs field offices regarding
its entries of artificial foliage:  Customs at San Francisco, New Orleans and Seattle did not rate
advance to 17% unliguidated entries made at 9% but simply liquidated them at 9%.  The broker
states immediately after the passage of the Trade Act of 1990, Los Angeles automatically liquidated
entries entered at the 17% rate and refunded this duty even before the broker made a written
request.  Also, the broker states that Los Angeles Customs never sent a notice of a rate advance for
the entries entered at the 9% rate and Customs liquidated those entries at the correct 9% rate.

ISSUE:

     Whether section 485(b) of the Customs and Trade Act of 1990 requires any request to be filed
in order to apply section 479C of that act to entries that remained unliquidated on that act's effective
date?

LAW AND ANALYSIS:

     The merchandise subject to the protest in the three entries is described as artificial plants
such as English Ivy, Swedish Ivy, Philo-dendron, Spathiphyllum, Dieffenbachia, Florida Philo,
Cornplant, Nephthytis, Fan Palm, and Mums on the invoices.  The invoices stated that they were of
polyester.  None of the plants

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were described as having flowers, although it would appear that the plants described as mums
would have flowers.  At the time of entry, subheading 6702.90.40, HTSUS, covered artificial
flowers, of man-made fibers.  Subheading 6702.90.60, HTSUS, then covered artificial flowers,
foliage and fruits and parts and articles made from artificial flowers, floiage or fruit not of plastics,
feathers and other than artificial flowers covered by subheading 6702.90.40, HTSUS.  Appearently,
because the types of plants did not have flowers, Customs proposed to classify the merchandise
under subheading 6702.90.60, HTSUS.

     The Customs and Trade Act of 1990 (Pub. L. No. 101-~82) (hereinafter referred to as the
"Act") which was signed into law on August 20, 1990, with an effective date of October 1, 1990,
returned the duty rate of artificial foliage of man-made fibers applicable under the Harmonized
Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) to the rate applicable under the prior Tariff
Schedules of the United States (TSUS).  See section 479C of Pub. L. No. 101-382, which provides
"[s]ubheading 6702.90.40 is amended by striking out 'Artificial flowers, of' in the article description
and inserting in lieu thereof 'Of'."  The legislative history (S. Rep. No. 252, 101st Cong., 2d Sess. 8,
reprinted in 1990 U.S. Code. Cong. & Admin. News 935) makes clear that because of an
inadvertent change in the conversion from TSUS to the HTS, Customs is now classifying imports
of artificial foliage under an HTS subheading subject to a duty of 17 percent.  Section 1108 clarifies
that artificial foliage is classifiable under HTS subheading 6702.90.40 and thereby restores the
previous duty treatment.  S. Rep. No. 252.  Under the TSUS, artificial foliage of man-made fibers
was classified in TSUS item 389.61, subject to the duty rate of 9% ad valorem.

     Section 485(a) of the Act generally provided for the applicability of the amendment of the
tariff to articles entered for consumption on or after October 1, 1990.  Section 485(b)(1) of the Act
provided for the retroactive effect of section 479C on entries made after December 31, 1988 and
before October 1, 1990, if a proper request was filed with Customs after September 30, 1990 and
before April 1, 1991.  The Act did not define the contents of a proper request.

     Customs issued notices to the public regarding the procedures to follow with regard to
Customs administering the retroactive effect of the law through the publication of Customs Fact
Sheet #2 on September 7, 1990 (also referred to as "Customs Directive 9250011" by the
protestant).  Customs in Dallas routinely mailed "Notices of Action" to the broker before
liquidation of entries involving artificial foliage informing it that the entries were going to be rate
advanced to 17% and also

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informing the importer that a valid claim for liquidation under the Act must be made referencing the
attached Fact Sheet #2.  In Fact Sheet #2, it specifically states that:

     "[a] request for liquidation or reliquidation will need to be submitted for any refund of
     duties deposited, whether or not entries have been liquidated, and for entries which qualify
     for the retroactive reduction."

     In Fact Sheet #6 (referred to as "Customs Directive 9249032" by the protestant) dated
September 6, 1990, it, in pertinent part, provides:

     Until October 1, 1990 classification of artificial foliage will continue as described in
     Headquarters Ruling Letter 086692 of April 19 [sic], 1990.  On October 1, 1990 and
     thereafter both flowers and foliage, of man-made fibers, will be classifiable in 6702.90.40 . .
     .  Accordingly, until October 1, 1990, entries of artificial foliage will be required to be
     classified in agreement with HQ Ruling 086692 [which held the correct classification to be
     subheading 6702.90.60] and duties deposited but .liquidation will be withheld.  Beginning
     October 1, 1990 proper written claims for liquidation or reliquidation of entries will be
     accepted and processed . . . Claims for liquidation or reliquidation in HTS 6702.90.40 must
     list the entry numbers of those entries claimed and provide adequate descriptions of the
     merchandise in order that the claims may be determined to be proper.

     As noted above, there is a dispute as to whether there was an oral communication between
the protestant's agent and the Customs Service.  The protestant's agent has stated that she spoke to
a member of the appropriate commodity team at Dallas.  In the same affidavit she acknowledged
that the named Customs officer disputed the occurence of the coversation.  There is no dispute that
no timely request in the form of a paper or document was ever delivered to any customs officer.

     It also is clear that the Fact Sheets follow a literal reading of Section 485(b).  The question
is whether a literal reading results in a proper interpretation of the law.  The argument that one can
file orally is not supported by court decisions on that term.

     The common meaning of the verb "to file" is the delivery of a document.

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     Websters Third International provides:  3(a)(1) to deliver(as a legal paper or instrument)
after complying with any condition precedent (as the payment of a fee) to the proper officer for
keeping or file among the records of his office. . .

(b) to place (as a paper or instrument) on file among the legal or official records of an office.

     Black's Law Dictionary, Fifth Ed.(1979) provides:

     . . . To deposit'in the custody or among the records of a court. To deliver instrument
     or other paper to the proper officer for the purpose of being kept on file by him in
     the proper place.

     The Customs cases treat filing as referring to a physical deposit of an item.

     The case of U.S. v. Thompson-Starrett, 12 Ct. Cust. Appls. 28, 31 (1923) said that
Congress intended an actual physical filing of applications for review in the office of the clerk with
applications to challenge a decision of the Board of General Appraisers.

     The case of U.S. v. Richard & Co. et. al., 12 Ct. Cust. Appls. 288, 289 (1924) also
discussed the common meaning of the word "file."  The court found that "file" could mean either to
deposit a paper or document in the court or office authorized to receive it or to endorse thereon the
date of such presentation or deposit.

     There are recent State decisions which construe the term "file" in the same manner.  In City
of Overland Park v. Nikius, 498 P2nd 56, 59, 209 Kan 643 (1972) the defendant, after having been
convicted in a municipal court, attempted to appeal the conviction to a county court.  The relevant
statute required an appeal to be perfected by filing a notice of appeal in the court where the
judgment was rendered.  The defendant argued that the statute did not require a written notice. 
The court disagreed.  It found that the word "file" contemplates the deposit of a writing with the
proper official.

     In Blake v. R.M.S. Holdinq Co., 341 So. 2d. 795, 799 (Fla App 1977) the court had to
construe a statute which required an application for an agricultural assessment to be filed by April

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1.  The court, in quoting Black's Law Dictionary, 4th Ed. construed that in order to be filed a
document or paper must be delivered to and received in the office of the assessor.

     In Capital Serv. v. Dahlinqer Pontiac-Cadillac, 657 P. 2d. 36, 38-39 (Sup. Ct. Kan. 1983)
the court citing the Overland Park case supra , found that the term was not vague and that "filing"
contemplates the deposit of an writing with the proper official.

     In Weinberg v. Stein, 555 So. 2d 379, 380 (Fla. App. 1989) the issue was whether the
rendition of a final judgment Could be postponed for appeal purposes by an oral motion.  The court
held that the word "filed" quite obviously connotes and requires the existence of an identified
document as opposed to a mere statement of counsel.  It found that it was simply hard to imagine
one's verbally "filing" anything.

     However, it not clear that an interpretation requiring a person to file a request in order to
get the benefit of section 479C on an unliquidated entry that otherwise falls within the time limits of
section 485(b) is correct.  If the language of the statute and its meaning are clear, the literal
language must be followed.  Sandoz Chemical Works v. U.S., 50 CCPA 31 (1963) and Lewis,
Trustee v. U.S., 92 U.S. 681 (1876).

     Neither the statute nor the legislative history provide guidance as to the underlying purpose
of requiring a person to file a request to get retroactive treatment on an entry that remained
unliquidated when the act became effective.  It cannot be said that the meaning of the requirement
is evident with respect to unliquidated entries.  An analysis of the statutory language indicates that
the requirement was intended to apply to entries that had been liquidated by Customs before the
act's effective date.

     The first introductory phrase to section 485(b) states "Notwithstanding section 514 of the
Tariff Act of 1930 and any other provision of law."  That language can have no application to an
unliquidated entry.  Section 514 provides for the finality of liquidation unless a protest is filed
timely.  By its very purpose it cannot apply unless an entry is first liquidated.  The words "and any
other provision of law" in that context also are inapplicable to an unliquidated entry.  There is no
provision of law which would prevent a Customs officer from liquidating properly an unliquidated
entry.  There is no logical reason to suppose that Congress intended the phrase to be necessary in
order for Customs to have authority to give retroactive treatment to an unliquidated entry.

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     The second introductory phrase of section 485(b) "upon proper request filed with the
appropriate Customs officer" may also be equally inapplicable to an unliquidated entry.  Neither the
statute nor the legislative history on section 485(b) state the purpose of filing such a request.
Section 483(a)(2) of the Customs and Trade Act of 1990 with respect to the reliquidation of certain
entries provided for that reliquidation if a request therefore was filed which contained sufficient
information to enable the Customs Service to locate the entry or to reconstruct the entry if it could
not be located.  If a similar purpose was the basis for the second introductory phrase of section
485(b), it is clear that purpose has no application to an unliquidated entry.  An unliquidated entry
remains in the possession of the Customs officer who is responsible for appraising and classifying
the entered merchandise pursuant to 19 U.S.C. 1500.  Such an entry does not have to be located or
reconstructed.  A liquidated entry does not remain with the liquidating Customs officer.  The
Customs Service, pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 2901-3322, established the Records Control Handbook in
order to manage Customs records.  Under that Handbook, Schedule 141/3 requires entry records
to be stored at the district office for one year after liquidation.  Thereafter, those records are
transferred to the appropriate Federal Records Center for storage.  Those records are destroyed
when six years old.  Given the absence of a stated purpose for requiring a request to be filed with
respect to an entry that was unliquidated with respect to section 485(b) and the only apparent
guidance provided in other similar provisions of the same law is to assist Customs in locating or
reconstructing an entry, a literal interpretation of section 485(b) for unliquidated entries is not
justified.

     In view of our decision that section 485(b) of the act did not require a request for entries
that were unliquidated on the act's effective date, there is no reason to address the other issues
raised in the protest.

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HOLDING:

     The protest is granted.

     In accordance with Section 3A(ll)(b) of the Customs Directive 099 3550-065, dated August
4, 1993, Subject: Revised Protest Directive, this decision should be mailed by your office to the
protestant no later than 60 days from the date of this letter.  Any reliquidation of the entry in
accordance with the decision must be accomplished prior to mailing of the decision.  Sixty days
from the date of the decision the Office of Regulations and Rulings will take steps to make the
decision available to customs personnel via the Customs Rulings Module in ACS and the public via
the Diskette Subscription Service, Freedom of Information Act, and other public access channels.

                              Sincerely,

                              John Durant, Director
                              Commercial Rulings Division