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Appendix B Members of International Trademark Agreements The following is a list of members of international trademark agreements to which the United States is also a party. If there is a discrepancy between the expiration of a foreign registration as listed here and the date listed on the foreign registration, the date listed on the foreign registration will be controlling. Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property Under the Paris Convention, foreign applicants may seek U.S. registration, based on either (a) a valid registration, or (b) an application to register in any of the member countries listed below, with a right of priority if the United States application is filed within 6 months of the date of the first filing of the foreign application. Member countries and term of registration may change; for the most up to date information, see the World Intellectual Property Organization’s home page at http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/paris/index.html (accessed January 23, 2026). Renewal Period (in years) Term of Registration (in years) Country 10 10 (from date of application) ALBANIA 10 10 (from date of application) ALGERIA 10 10 (from date of registration) ANDORRA 10 10 (from date of application) ANGOLA 10 10 (from date of application) ANTIGUA and BARBUDA 10 10 (from date of registration) ARGENTINA 10 10 (from date of application) ARMENIA (Russian Federation) 10 10 (from date of registration) ARUBA 10 10 (from date of application) AUSTRALIA 10 10 (from date of application) AUSTRIA 10 10 (from date of application) AZERBAIJAN (Russian Federation) 14 14 (from date of application) BAHAMAS 10 10 (from date of application) BAHRAIN 10 7 (from date of application) BANGLADESH 10 10 (from date of registration) BARBADOS 10 10 (from date of application) BELARUS (Russian Federation) 10 10 (from date of application) BELGIUM (Benelux Nations) 10 10 (from date of registration) BELIZE 10 10 (from date of application) BENIN (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of application) BHUTAN 1
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Renewal Period (in years) Term of Registration (in years) Country 10 10 (from date of registration) BOLIVIA 10 10 (from date of application) BOSNIA and HERZEGOVINA 10 10 (from date of application) BOTSWANA 10 10 (from date of registration) BRAZIL 10 10 (from date of application) BULGARIA 10 10 (from date of application) BURKINA FASO (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of application) BURUNDI 10 10 (from date of application) CAMBODIA 10 10 (from date of application) CAMEROON (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of registration for marks registered on or after June 17, 2019 and for renewals on or after June 17, 2019); CANADA 15 (from date of registration for marks registered and renewed before June 17, 2019, with a 10-year renewal term for any subsequent renewal after June 17, 2019) 10 10 (from date of application) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of application) CHAD (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of registration) CHILE 10 10 (from date of registration) CHINA (PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC) 10 10 (from date of registration) COLOMBIA 10 10 (from date of application) COMOROS (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of application) CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF 10 10 (from date of application) CONGO (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of registration) COSTA RICA 10 10 (from date of application) CÔTE D’IVOIRE (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of application) CROATIA 10 10 (from date of application) CUBA 10 10 (from date of registration) CURAÇAO 14 7 (from date of application) CYPRUS 10 10 (from date of application) CZECH REPUBLIC 10 10 (from date of application) DENMARK 10 10 (from date of application) DJIBOUTI 10 10 (from date of application) DOMINICA 10 10 (from date of registration) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 10 10 (from date of registration) ECUADOR 10 10 (from date of application) EGYPT 10 10 (from date of registration) EL SALVADOR 10 10 (from date of application) EQUATORIAL GUINEA (OAPI) 2 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE
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Renewal Period (in years) Term of Registration (in years) Country 10 10 (from date of application) ESTONIA 10 10 (from date of application) ESWATINI 10 10 (from date of registration) FINLAND 10 10 (from date of application) FRANCE 10 10 (from date of application) GABON (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of application) GAMBIA 10 10 (from date of registration) GEORGIA 10 10 (starts on application date, ends after 10 years, on last day of the month of the application date for marks registered before January 14, 2019); GERMANY 10 (from date of application for marks registered on or after January 14, 2019) 10 10 (from date of application) GHANA 10 10 (from date of application) GREECE 10 10 (from date of application) GRENADA 10 10 (from date of registration) GUATEMALA 10 10 (from date of application) GUINEA (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of application) GUINEA-BISSAU (OAPI) 14 7 (from date of application) GUYANA 10 10 (from date of registration) HAITI 10 10 (from date of application) HOLY SEE (Italy) 10 10 (from date of registration) HONDURAS 10 10 (from date of application) HUNGARY 10 10 (from date of registration) ICELAND 10 10 (from date of application) INDIA 10 10 (from date of application) INDONESIA 10 10 (from date of application) IRAN 10 10 (from date of application) IRAQ 10 10 (from date of application) IRELAND 10 7 (from date of application for marks applied for on or before August 6, 2003); ISRAEL 10 (from date of application for marks applied for after August 6, 2003) 10 10 (from date of application) ITALY See CÔTE D’IVOIRE IVORY COAST 10 10 (from date of registration) JAMAICA 10 10 (from date of registration) JAPAN 10 10 (from date of application) JORDAN 10 10 (from date of application) KAZAKHSTAN (Russian Federation) 10 10 (from date of application) KENYA 3 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE
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Renewal Period (in years) Term of Registration (in years) Country 10 10 (from date of application) KOREA, NORTH (DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA) 10 10 (from date of registration) KOREA, SOUTH (REPUBLIC OF KOREA) 10 10 (from date of application) KYRGYZSTAN (Russian Federation) 10 10 (from date of application) LAOS 10 10 (from date of application) LATVIA 15 15 (from date of application) LEBANON 10 10 (from date of application) LESOTHO 15 15 (from date of registration) LIBERIA 10 10 (from date of application) LIBYA 10 10 (from date of application) LIECHTENSTEIN 10 10 (from date of application) LITHUANIA 10 10 (from date of application) LUXEMBOURG (Benelux Nations) 10 10 (from date of application) MADAGASCAR [A new industrial property law covering patents, trademarks and designs was promulgated in Madagascar on July 31, 1989. Certain regulations have been promulgated, notably those covering the appointment of local trademark agents. In addition, due to Madagascar's prior involvement in OAPI, trademark owners can claim rights in OAPI registrations filed before December 31, 1976. December 9, 1994 was the cut-off date for filing Maintenance in Vigour applications. Because rights in Madagascar are acquired on a first-to-file basis, trademark registration applications should be filed as soon as is possible. Trademarks may be protected through publication of cautionary notices. Trademarks Throughout the World (Anne-Laure Covin, 5th ed. 2008).] 10 10 (from date of application) MALAWI 10 10 (from date of application) MALAYSIA 10 10 (from date of application) MALI (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of registration) MALTA 10 10 (from date of application) MAURITANIA (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of application) MAURITIUS 10 10 (from date of registration) MEXICO 4 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE
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Renewal Period (in years) Term of Registration (in years) Country 10 10 (from date of application) MOLDOVA (REPUBLIC OF) (Russian Federation) 10 10 (from date of application) MONACO 10 10 (from date of application) MONGOLIA 10 10 (from date of application) MONTENEGRO 10 10 (from date of application) MOROCCO 10 10 (from date of application) MOZAMBIQUE 10 10 (from date of application) NAMIBIA 7 7 (from date of registration) NEPAL 10 10 (from date of application) NETHERLANDS (Benelux Nations) 10 10 (from date of registration) NEW ZEALAND 10 10 (from date of registration) NICARAGUA 10 10 (from date of application) NIGER (OAPI) 14 7 (from date of application) NIGERIA 10 10 (from date of application) NORTH MACEDONIA 10 10 (from date of application) NORWAY 10 10 (from date of application) OMAN 10 10 (from date of application) PAKISTAN 10 10 (from date of application) PANAMA 10 10 (from date of application) PAPUA NEW GUINEA 10 10 (from date of registration) PARAGUAY 10 10 (from date of registration) PERU 10 10 (from date of registration) PHILIPPINES 10 10 (from date of application) POLAND 10 10 (from date of application) PORTUGAL 10 10 (from date of application) QATAR 10 10 (from date of application) ROMANIA 10 10 (from date of application) RUSSIAN FEDERATION 10 10 (from date of application) RWANDA 10 10 (from date of application) SAINT KITTS and NEVIS 10 10 (from date of application) SAINT LUCIA 10 10 (from date of application) SAINT VINCENT and the GRENADINES 10 10 (from date of application) SAN MARINO [San Marino has no trademark law. However, trademark protection obtained in Italy applies here by virtue of the Pact Of Amity And Good Neighborhood, dated March 31, 1939. Trademarks Throughout the World (Anne-Laure Covin, 5th ed. 2008).] 5 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE
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Renewal Period (in years) Term of Registration (in years) Country 10 10 (from date of application) SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE 10 Hejira years 10 Hejira years, which is approximately 9 yr 8 mo (from date of application) SAUDI ARABIA 10 10 (from date of application) SENEGAL (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of application) SERBIA 7 10 (from date of application) with 7-year renewal terms thereafter SEYCHELLES 14 14 (from date of application) SIERRA LEONE 10 10 (from date of application) SINGAPORE 10 10 (from date of application) SINT MAARTEN 10 10 (from date of application) SLOVAKIA 10 10 (from date of application) SLOVENIA 10 10 (from date of application) SOUTH AFRICA 10 10 (from date of application) SPAIN 10 10 (from date of application) SRI LANKA 10 10 (from date of application) SUDAN 10 10 (from date of registration) SURINAME See ESWATINI SWAZILAND 10 10 (from date of application) SWEDEN 10 10 (from date of application) SWITZERLAND 10 10 (beginning on filing date of application and ending the last day of the month in which the application had been filed) SYRIA 10 10 (from date of application) TAJIKISTAN (Russian Federation) 10 7 (from date of application) TANZANIA (UNITED REPUBLIC OF) - TANGANYIKA 7 10 (from date of application) TANZANIA (UNITED REPUBLIC OF) - ZANZIBAR 10 10 (from date of registration) THAILAND See TRINIDAD and TOBAGO TOBAGO 10 10 (from date of application) TOGO (OAPI) 10 10 (from date of application) TONGA 10 10 (from date of application) TRINIDAD and TOBAGO 10 10 (from date of application) TUNISIA 10 10 (from date of application) TURKEY 10 10 (from date of application) TURKMENISTAN (Russian Federation) 10 7 (from date of application) UGANDA 10 10 (from date of application) UKRAINE 6 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE
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Renewal Period (in years) Term of Registration (in years) Country 10 10 (from date of application) UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 10 10 (from date of application) UNITED KINGDOM 10 10 (from date of registration) URUGUAY 10 10 (from date of application) UZBEKISTAN (Russian Federation) 15 15 (from date of registration) VENEZUELA 10 10 (from date of application) VIETNAM 10 10 (from date of application) YEMEN 14 7 (from date of application) ZAMBIA 10 10 (from date of application) ZIMBABWE Inter-American Convention Under the Inter-American Convention for Trademarks and Commercial Protection (also known as the Pan-American Convention), foreign applicants may seek U.S. registration, based on either (a) a valid registration, or (b) an application to register in any of the member countries listed below, with a right of priority if the United States application is filed within 6 months of the date of the first filing of the foreign application. See Diaz v. Servicios De Franquicia Pardo’s S.A.C., 83 USPQ2d 1320 (TTAB 2007) ; British-American Tobacco Co., Ltd. v. Phillip Morris, Inc., 55 USPQ2d 1585 (TTAB 2000). Renewal Period (in years) Term of Registration (in years) Country 10 10 (from date of registration) COLOMBIA 10 10 (from date of application) CUBA 10 10 (from date of registration) GUATEMALA 10 10 (from date of registration) HAITI 10 10 (from date of registration) HONDURAS 10 10 (from date of registration) NICARAGUA 10 10 (from date of application) PANAMA 10 10 (from date of registration) PARAGUAY 10 10 (from date of registration) PERU Buenos Aires Convention Under the Buenos Aires Convention for the Protection of Trade Marks and Commercial Names, foreign applicants may seek registration based on a valid registration from a member country but not based on an application in the foreign country. Renewal Period (in years) Term of Registration (in years) Country 10 10 (from date of registration) BOLIVIA 10 10 (from date of registration) BRAZIL 7 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE
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Renewal Period (in years) Term of Registration (in years) Country 10 10 (from date of registration) COSTA RICA 10 10 (from date of application) CUBA 10 10 (from date of registration) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 10 10 (from date of registration) ECUADOR 10 10 (from date of registration) GUATEMALA 10 10 (from date of registration) HAITI 10 10 (from date of registration) HONDURAS 10 10 (from date of registration) NICARAGUA 10 10 (from date of registration) PARAGUAY 10 10 (from date of registration) URUGUAY European Union Trademark On December 20, 1993, the European Council issued Regulation No. 40/94, establishing a single system of trademark registration, known as the Community Trade Mark (CTM), which is alternative to the various registration systems of each nation within the European Union (EU), formerly known as the European Community (EC) or European Economic Community (EEC). Effective March 23, 2016, OHIM was renamed the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) and the CTM was renamed the European Union trademark (EU trademark), and all existing CTMs and CTM applications automatically became EU trademarks and EU trademark applications. See Regulation (EU) 2015/2424, of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2 0 1 5 , 2 0 1 5 O . J . ( L 3 4 1 ) 2 1 , a v a i l a b l e a t https://euipo.europa.eu/tunnel-web/secure/webdav/guest/document_library/contentPdfs/legal_reform/regulation_20152424_en.pdf (accessed January 23, 2026); Press Release, OHIM, EU Intellectual Property Office – New Name for the EU’s Largest Intellectual Property Agency (Dec. 24, 2015), available at https://euipo.europa.eu/tunnel-web/secure/webdav/guest/document_library/contentPdfs/about_ohim/press_releases/LR/opt_1/OHIM_trade_mark_reform_pr_en.pdf (accessed January 22, 2026). European Union countries include all countries which are members of the European Union namely: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden. For a complete, up-to-date listing of members of the EU, see the EU website at https://europa.eu/european-union/index_en (accessed January 23, 2026). A foreign applicant may seek registration in the United States based on either (a) a valid EU trademark registration, or (b) a EU trademark application, with a right of priority if the United States application is filed within 6 months of the date of the first filing of the EU trademark application. An EU trademark is registered for a period of 10 years, running from the date of filing, and may be renewed for 10 years. For further information about the EU trademark, see EUIPO’s website at https://euipo.europa.eu/ohimportal/en (accessed January 23, 2026) and the Vademecum at http://euipo.europa.eu/pdf/mark/vademecum-ctm-en.pdf (accessed January 23, 2026). For information on whether the scope of the EU trademark extends to certain territories associated with EU member states, and thus whether an EU trademark registration could serve as a valid registration from an applicant’s country of origin, see TMEP §1002.03. 8 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE
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Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI) Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI) is the African Intellectual Property Organization for French-speaking Africa. The 17 member countries are Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, and Togo. One application covers all member states. It is not possible to designate certain countries separately. It is not possible to obtain national registration or renewal in a sole member state. This is a significant difference from the other regional registration system in Africa, the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) for primarily English-speaking African countries. The Bangui Agreement is the legislation that underpins OAPI. World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on January 1, 1995, is the embodiment of the results of the Uruguay Round trade negotiations and the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Article 4 of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) contains a most-favored-nation clause under which any advantage a member gives to the nationals of another member must normally be extended to the nationals of all members. Section 44(b) of the Trademark Act, 15 U.S.C. §1126(b), provides that any person whose country of origin is a party to any convention or treaty to which the United States is a member is entitled to the benefits of §44. Accordingly, foreign applicants may seek U.S. registration, based on either (a) a valid registration, or (b) an application to register in any of the member countries listed below, with a right of priority if the United States application is filed within 6 months of the date of the first filing of the foreign application. The WTO Agreement entered into force in the United States on January 1, 1995. The benefits accorded to nationals under this agreement by the United States date from January 1, 1996. The following is a list of WTO members who are not currently members of the Paris Convention. WTO members who are also members of the Paris Convention are not set forth in the list below because nationals from these countries have been able to base their U.S. registration on their home country application or registration since the date of the country’s accession to the Paris Convention. For updates to the list of members below, see WTO’s home page at http://www.wto.org (accessed January 23, 2026). Renewal Period (in years) Term of Registration (in years) Effective Date of Membership Country 10 10 (from date of application) Jan. 1, 1995 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 10 10 (from date of application) Jan. 1, 1995 EUROPEAN UNION 14 14 (from date of application) Jan. 14, 1996 FIJI 10 10 (from date of registration) Jan. 1, 1995 HONG KONG 10 10 (from date of application) Jan. 1, 1995 KUWAIT 7 7 (from date of application) Jan. 1, 1995 MACAO [There is no trademark law in effect in the Republic of Maldives, whose closest May 31, 1995 MALDIVES financial ties are with India. The only 9 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE
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Renewal Period (in years) Term of Registration (in years) Effective Date of Membership Country means of obtaining protection is by publishing a cautionary note in the English section of a Maldives newspaper. Trademarks Throughout the World (Anne-Laure Covin, 5th ed. 2008).] 10 10 (from date of application) Jan. 1, 1995 MYANMAR Renewal dependent on Term dependent on United Kingdom registration July 26, 1996 SOLOMON ISLANDS United Kingdom registration Memorandum of Understanding Between United States and Taiwan On the basis of a Memorandum of Understanding signed on April 10, 1996, between the American Institute in Taiwan and the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States, a foreign applicant may seek U.S. registration based on either (a) a valid registration, or (b) an application filed in Taiwan, and may claim a right of priority if the United States application is filed within 6 months of the date of the first filing of the application in Taiwan. See notice at 1186 TMOG 50 (May 7, 1996). A registration in Taiwan is valid for 10 years from the date of registration, and may be renewed for 10 years. Other Countries Offering Reciprocal Registration and Priority Rights to United States Applicants Applicants from countries that are not members of international trademark agreements to which the United States is also a party may register in the United States based upon ownership of a valid registration in their country of origin if their country of origin provides reciprocal registration rights to U.S. applicants. Following is a partial list of such countries. A claim of priority based on a foreign-filed application (15 U.S.C. §1126(d)) may also be available to these applicants if their country of origin provides reciprocal rights to priority to U.S. applicants. If the country is not on the following list, the examining attorney should require an English copy of the foreign trademark statute providing for reciprocal registration rights to U.S. applicants based on a U.S. registration. Renewal Period (in years) Term of Registration (in years) Country Renewal dependent on United Kingdom registration Term dependent on United Kingdom registration TUVALU 10 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE
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Additional Resources For Information About International Treaties and the Trademark Laws of Foreign Countries For further information about the trademark laws of foreign countries, see https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/main/legislation (accessed January 23, 2026). The United States Department of State puts out a list of members of treaties currently in force, available at https://www.state.gov/treaties-in-force/ (accessed January 23, 2026). Information about the United Nations treaty collection is available at http://treaties.un.org/ (accessed January 23, 2026). There is a directory of intellectual property offices on the World Intellectual Property Organization’s website at http://www.wipo.int/directory/en/urls.jsp (accessed January 23, 2026). 11 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE
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