Questão jurídica principal
Whether the refusal to deduct expenses for the Northwestern University Executive Program was lawful.
Decisão extraída
The cantonal judgment lacked the concrete factual assessment required to determine whether the program was professional training or deductible professional development; the case had to be remitted for further fact-finding.
Fundamentação extraída
Deductibility depends on a concrete comparison between prior training, the new knowledge acquired, the taxpayer's profession, and the effect on work opportunities. The lower court reasoned too abstractly and did not describe the program's content, duration, costs, or teaching mode.