Questão jurídica principal
Whether the bank breached the asset-management mandate by increasing portfolio risk contrary to the client’s instructions.
Decisão extraída
No breach was established because the client later approved the more aggressive investment policy and ratified the portfolio composition.
Fundamentação extraída
The court held that the client signed account statements showing a major rise in equities, monitored his portfolio, gave securities orders, and therefore could not plausibly claim he remained opposed to the strategy. Once he approved the management actually carried out, there was no improper performance of the mandate.