Questão jurídica principal
Whether the appellate court had to examine justification grounds before the truth defense in a defamation case
Decisão extraída
Yes. Justification grounds under the general part of the Criminal Code take precedence and must be examined before the court turns to the truth defense under Art. 173 StGB.
Fundamentação extraída
Falsity is not an element of defamation. A statement may be true and still punishable if no justification ground applies. The court must first determine whether the act is justified, including possible necessity or putative necessity, before considering Art. 173 Ziff. 2 StGB.