Mahmoud Sallah Abunasser v. Eric Holder, 1 , Attorney General

1 The newly appointed Attorney General, Eric Holder, is substituted for Michael B.
Mukasey pursuant to Fed. R. App. Proc. 43(c)(2).
*Honorable J. William Ditter, Jr., District Court Judge for the Eastern District of
Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
No. 08-1314
MAHMOUD SALLAH ABUNASSER,
Appellant
v.
ERIC HOLDER, 1 , ATTORNEY GENERAL;
MICHAEL GARCIA, ASSISTANT SECRETARY
OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND
SECURITY; JAMES JOHNSTON, DISTRICT
DIRECTOR BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION AND
CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT; BUREAU OF
IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of New Jersey
(D.C. No. 07-cv-05884)
District Judge: Honorable Peter G. Sheridan
Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
on January 5, 2009
Before: FUENTES and FISHER, Circuit Judges
and DITTER*, District Judge.

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(Filed: September 2, 2009)
OPINION OF THE COURT
DITTER, District Judge.
This is an appeal from the order of the District Court dismissing for lack of subject
matter jurisdiction an alien’s petition for a writ of habeas corpus that challenged an order
for his removal. Even though the matter might better have come to us by a transfer from
the District Court, we conclude that we also have no jurisdiction and that the removal order
must stand. Accordingly, we affirm the decision of the District Court.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Appellant Mahmoud Salah Abunasser is a Palestinian who entered the United States
on September 30, 2005, with a Palestinian Authority passport. Abunasser was admitted to
the United States as a nonimmigrant visitor with authorization to remain in the country until
March 29, 2006. He is married and has three children – one child was born in the United
States. He was arrested on April 26, 2006, by Immigration and Customs Enforcement
(“ICE”) for overstaying his visa and for being employed without the proper authorization.
Removal proceedings were initiated and Abunasser was released from custody on bond in
the amount of $25,000.
On June 14, 2006, a hearing was held before an immigration judge. Abunasser was
represented by counsel and an Arabic interpreter assisted Abunasser throughout the

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proceedings. Abunasser informed the court that he would be applying for voluntary
departure. The case was continued to August 16, 2006, to provide counsel and Abunasser
the opportunity to discuss what country he would designate for removal.
At the August 16, 2006 hearing, Abunasser, with the assistance of an interpreter and
represented by counsel, again indicated that he had no applications to file and would
voluntarily leave the United States and return to Israel. After an extensive inquiry, the
immigration judge determined that Abunasser was voluntarily giving up the opportunity to
present a claim for protection, the right to appeal, and wanted only an opportunity to depart
voluntarily. Abunasser was ordered to depart by December 14, 2006. An alternative order
of removal was entered in the event he failed to leave the country. He did not appeal this
order of removal.
On November 14, 2006, represented by new counsel, Abunasser filed a motion to
reopen his removal proceedings claiming the ineffective assistance of prior counsel. This
was his only option as the time for appeal of the order of removal had elapsed (and
appellate review had been waived). Now, in contrast with his testimony at the August
hearing, Abunasser sought political asylum citing his fear of returning to the West Bank
where he claims he was a victim of past persecution. In support of his claim he provided
medical evidence of treatment for a gunshot wound and a supporting affidavit. Also
contrary to his earlier testimony, Abunasser claims he did not advise the immigration judge
of his fears at the prior hearings because counsel told him that a Palestinian would not be
granted political asylum. On November 29, 2006, the immigration judge denied the motion

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to reopen finding that Abunasser had failed to establish ineffective assistance of counsel as
required by Matter of Lozada, 19 I. & N. Dec. 637 (B.I.A. 1988), and had failed to present
any new facts as a basis to reopen as required by 8 C.F.R. § 1003.23(b)(3).
On January 4, 2007, the immigration judge denied Abunasser’s motion to reconsider
her November 29, 2006 order, and the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) dismissed
Abunasser’s appeal and affirmed the decision of the immigration judge on November 14,
2007.
Having violated the August 26, 2006 order granting voluntary departure by failing to
depart by December 14, 2006, Abunasser has been detained pending his removal. On
September 13, 2007, Abunasser filed a motion to request release under bond. The
immigration judge held that he was not eligible for bond because he did not voluntarily
depart as required by his order of removal and did not file a timely appeal of that order. 8
C.F.R. § 1236.1(d)(1). Abunasser remains in custody.
Seeking judicial review of the denial of his motion to reconsider and reopen, and
asking for release and a stay of his deportation and removal order, on December 11, 2007,
Abunasser filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the District of New Jersey.
Abunasser claims that the immigration judge and the BIA violated his due process rights by
denying without a hearing and without consideration of his evidence of persecution his
motion to reopen and his motion to reconsider. The District Court issued a rule to show
cause why this petition should not be dismissed. After a hearing, Abunasser’s habeas
petition was denied and dismissed on January 25, 2008, for lack of subject matter

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2 Petitioner’s brief advanced three legal arguments:
I. A MOTION TO REOPEN REMOVAL PROCEEDINGS MUST COMPLY
WITH DUE PROCESS OF LAW. . .
II. THE DUE PROCESS CLAUSE WAS NOT APPLIED TO ABUNASSER
IN HIS REQUEST TO REOPEN REMOVAL PROCEEDINGS. . .
III. WHERE AN IMMIGRATION JUDGE SUMMARILY DENIES RELIEF
TO AN ALIEN WITHOUT PROVIDING A HEARING TO ARGUE THE
PRAYER FOR RELIEF, THIS WOULD BE UNCONSTITUTIONAL.
(Petr.’s Br. i)
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jurisdiction. His request for release pending review of the petition was denied but a stay of
removal was granted.
This appeal followed. It is based entirely upon the immigration judge’s alleged
failure to grant Petitioner a hearing on his claim of persecution.2
DISCUSSION
The REAL ID Act (“the Act”), which became effective on May 11, 2005, eliminated
district court jurisdiction over orders of removal and vested exclusive jurisdiction in the
courts of appeals. 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(5) (“a petition for review filed with an appropriate
court of appeals . . . shall be the sole and exclusive means for judicial review of an order of
removal”).
The District Court correctly recognized it had no subject matter jurisdiction and
dismissed the writ of habeas corpus. However, the District Court did not transfer the
matter to this court nor provide a statement that it was not in the interest of justice to do so.

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3
Where a district court itself lacks jurisdiction over a case, it shall transfer the matter to
a court that has jurisdiction, unless, after an examination of the record, the district court
determines that it would not be in the interest of justice to do so. Britell v. United States,
318 F.3d 70 (1st Cir. 2003). Although we conclude that Abunasser’s claims lack merit
and therefore a transfer would not have been in the interest of justice, the procedure
required by 28 U.S.C. § 1631 should have been followed.
4 The decision to grant or deny a motion to reopen or reconsider is within the
discretion of the Board [of Immigration Appeals]. The Board has discretion to deny a
motion to reopen even if the party moving has made out a prima facie case for relief. 8
C.F.R. § 1003.2(a).
6
28 U.S.C. § 1631.3 Nonetheless, the task of examining the administrative proceedings is
now before us, albeit by an appeal rather than by lower-court transfer.
Section 242(a)(2)(B)(ii) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(ii), provides that no
court shall have jurisdiction to review discretionary decisions of immigration officials. In
addition, the courts of appeal shall decide the petitions for the review of an order of
removal only on the administrative record, and the administrative findings of fact are
conclusive unless any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to conclude to the
contrary. 8 U.S.C. § 1252 (b)(4)(A) and (B). These provisions do not preclude a review of
constitutional claims or questions of law that may be raised by the proceedings. 8 U.S.C. §
1252(a)(2)(D).
Before us is the BIA’s discretionary decision4 that the immigration judge correctly
ruled when she found Abunasser had waived all relief except voluntary departure, refused
to reopen the removal proceedings, and then refused to reconsider that decision. By the
plain wording of the Act, we have no jurisdiction unless there is merit to Abunasser’s claim

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5 Federal regulations specify that:
A motion to reopen proceedings shall not be granted unless it appears to the
Board [of Immigration Appeals] that evidence sought to be offered is
material and was not available and could not have been discovered or
presented at the former hearing; nor shall any motion to reopen for the
purposes of affording the alien an opportunity to apply for any form of
discretionary relief be granted if it appears that the alien’s right to apply for
such relief was fully explained to him or her and an opportunity to apply
therefore was afforded at the former hearing. . . .
8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c).
7
that he was denied due process when the immigration judge refused to permit him to
present evidence of persecution.
Stating the obvious: not every contention, request, or reason becomes a
constitutional matter just because it is labeled due process. A denial of relief that is purely
discretionary, by definition, does not involve a constitutional right and is therefore not
protected by the due process clause. Assaad v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 471, 475 (5th Cir. 2004)
(finding no due process violation because “the failure to receive relief that is purely
discretionary in nature does not amount to a deprivation of a liberty interest.”) And finally,
if there has been a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary waiver of the right to seek the relief
in question, due process does not require further consideration.5
Here there was no denial of due process because there was no process due.
Petitioner had knowingly and intelligently waived whatever claims he might have
otherwise had, and having done so, had no constitutional right to further proceedings. The
record shows that Abunasser was represented by counsel at his hearings and was fully

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advised of the consequences of agreeing to voluntary departure by the immigration judge.
An interpreter assisted Abunasser at both hearings. Abunasser said he understood what he
was being told and what he was doing.
The colloquy on June 14, 2006, makes clear that the immigration judge was
sensitive to the situation of a Palestinian in Israel and specifically required that Abunasser
come forward with any request for protection at the next hearing. (A.R. 123.) This is what
she said:
JUDGE TO MR. ABUNASSER:
Sir, your attorney has admitted that you’re removable as charged. She
has denied you are a citizen of Israel, as alleged by the Government; but did
admit that you were born in the country of Israel. At this time she
understands that you just wish to seek a period of time to voluntarily depart
the United States at your own expense, but she’s asked for some time to be
sure if that is indeed your preference. I would ask you to please make sure
that you explain to her everything about your situation in your home area and
in America so that she can advise you as to your options before the Court
because I will require at the next hearing that you file any appropriate
applications for other options, including asylum, if you intend to exercise
them.
Q. Do you understand?
A. Yes.
Q. Are you sure?
A. Yes.
Q. Do you understand that if you’re afraid to go back you have to tell
her and she’s going to have to help you and file an application for asylum at
the next hearing? Do you understand that?
A. I understand.
(A.R. 125.)

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6 At the August 16, 2006 hearing:
Q. [IMMIGRATION JUDGE] Okay. I’m persuaded sir that you’ve
knowingly and voluntarily decided not to make a claim for protection and
that you only want the voluntary departure. . . . Sir, I will grant your request
for the voluntary departure. . . . Do you understand that that is my decision
in your case?
A. Yes.
Q. [IMMIGRATION JUDGE] Your attorney and the Government are
willing to accept that as a final decision. That means there would be no
appeal to a higher Court and you would not be able to challenge or change
the decision later. Do you also wish the decision to be final?
A. Yes.
(A.R. 133-34.)
9
The immigration judge went out of her way to ensure Abunasser understood the
options available to him and how he needed to work with counsel before the next hearing.
Abunasser then said – and now does not suggest otherwise – that he understood.
On August 16, 2006, Abunasser again advised the immigration judge that he wanted
to proceed with voluntary departure. Only after a thorough colloquy that included
Abunasser being asked if he had any questions “about the consequences of giving up the
chance to seek protection based on any fear of harm in Israel or any other country,” did the
immigration judge find that Abunasser was knowingly and voluntarily deciding not to make
a claim for protection and wanted only voluntary departure. (A.R. 133-34.)6
The BIA also found that Abunasser had given up his right to seek asylum:
[T]he Immigration Judge found that the respondent stated he knew that by
filing for voluntary departure, he was abandoning any other claims for relief.
. . . The Immigration Judge specifically asked the respondent if he understood
by failing to make a claim for protection in the United States he was giving up

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the opportunity to make such a claim. The respondent stated he understood and
was doing so voluntarily. . . . Accordingly we find the Immigration Judge did
not err in denying the respondent’s motion to reconsider.
(A.R. 2).
In summary,
(1) On August 16, 2006, the immigration judge made a factual finding that Abunasser
had waived any right he might have to seek protection and wanted only voluntary departure.
This finding was fully supported by the record, is unchallenged, and is binding upon us.
(2) On November 29, 2006, the immigration judge made a factual finding that
Abunasser had not established the predicates for a motion to reopen based upon ineffective
assistance of counsel or provided any new facts that would establish a basis for reopening.
This finding was fully supported by the record, is unchallenged, and is binding upon us.
(3) On November 14, 2007, the Board of Immigration Appeals made a factual finding
that the Petitioner said that he understood that by filing for voluntary departure he was
abandoning any other claims for relief, and therefore, that the immigration judge did not err
in denying Petitioner’s motion to reconsider the removal order. This finding was fully
supported by the record and is binding upon us.
(4) In addition, on November 14, 2007, the Board of Immigration Appeals in the
exercise of its discretion, dismissed Abunasser’s appeal from the decisions of the
immigration judge. This decision is binding upon us.
Abunasser was not denied due process.
Abunasser has not raised a constitutional claim.

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For these reasons, we lack subject matter jurisdiction to consider Abunasser’s claims
and the District Court’s decision that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction must be affirmed.
One matter remains. The District Court stayed the immigration court’s order of
removal. We shall remand to the District Court so that the stay can be lifted.
An appropriate order follows.

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