United States of America v. Felicia Thomas

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
No. 08-2957
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
FELICIA THOMAS,
Appellant.
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
(D. C. No. 1-05-cr-00444-02)
District Judge: Hon. Sylvia H. Rambo
Submitted under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
on March 3, 2009
Before: BARRY, WEIS and ROTH, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: June 18, 2009 )
O P I N I O N
ROTH, Circuit Judge:
The District Court found that Felicia Thomas had violated the terms of her
supervised release. She appealed. The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 18

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U.S.C. § 3583. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. §
3742(a). We review the District Court’s decision to revoke supervised release for abuse
of discretion. United States v. Maloney, 513 F.3d 350, 354 (3d Cir. 2008). We will
affirm.
We assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts and the record of prior
proceedings, which we describe only as necessary to explain our decision.
Thomas contends that the District Court erred by admitting hearsay regarding two
toxicology reports that concluded that she had used marijuana on multiple occasions
during her supervised release period. Thomas did not object to the reports themselves
being admitted and appears to concede, on appeal, that they were admissible under the
relaxed evidentiary standards of revocation proceedings; see United States v. McCallum,
677 F.2d 1024, 1026 (4th Cir. 1982), cited with approval in United States v. Loy, 237
F.3d 251, 260 (3d Cir. 2001). Rather, she complains that testimony offered by the
probation officer regarding her conversations with the toxicologists was improper
because the officer could not adequately explain the toxicologists’ methodology. Had the
toxicologists themselves testified, Thomas contends, she could have discredited their
methodology and offered alternative explanations for the positive results.
Thomas’s arguments are misplaced because the reports alone were sufficient to
establish a violation. See United States v. Gordon, 961 F.2d 426, 429 (3d Cir. 1992)
(noting that, while “drug use indicated by urinalysis is only circumstantial evidence of

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drug possession,” it is sufficient to establish a violation because “a court can revoke
probation when it is reasonably satisfied that the probation conditions have been violated,
without the government being required to present proof beyond a reasonable doubt that
the defendant committed the alleged acts”). Moreover, Thomas was given sufficient
notice of the proceedings and the opinions contained in the toxicology reports. If she had
wanted to bring experts to offer alternative explanations for the positive test results, she
could have done so.
Accordingly, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.

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