Summary Calendar UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. Raymond Frank Phillips, Jr

* Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion
should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited
circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
No. 07-60334
Summary Calendar
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Plaintiff-Appellee
v.
RAYMOND FRANK PHILLIPS, JR
Defendant-Appellant
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Mississippi
USDC No. 2:06-CR-32-1
Before JOLLY, PRADO, and SOUTHWICK, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Raymond Frank Phillips, Jr., was charged by a grand jury with possessing
a firearm as a felon. Phillips moved to suppress the evidence, which was found
in his vehicle by police officers following a traffic stop. The district court held a
hearing on the motion to suppress and denied the motion. A jury found Phillips
guilty. The district court sentenced Phillips to 78 months of imprisonment, three
years of supervised release, a $2,500 fine, and a $100 special assessment.
United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
F I L E D
January 14, 2008
Charles R. Fulbruge III
Clerk

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Phillips now appeals his conviction, challenging the district court’s ruling on his
motion to suppress.
When reviewing the district court’s ruling on a motion to suppress, this
court “review[s] the district court’s factual findings for clear error and its legal
conclusions de novo.” United States v. Ibarra, 493 F.3d 526, 530 (5th Cir. 2007).
“A factual finding is not clearly erroneous if it is plausible in light of the record
as a whole.” United States v. Trujillo, 502 F.3d 353, 356 (5th Cir. 2007).
“[W]hen ‘there are two permissible views of the evidence, the factfinder’s choice
between them cannot be clearly erroneous.’” United States v. Gillyard, 261 F.3d
506, 509 (5th Cir. 2001) (citation omitted).
The Fourth Amendment prohibits the warrantless search of a vehicle
except in the case of valid consent from the owner or “probable cause to believe
that the vehicle contains contraband or other evidence of a crime.” United States
v. Mendoza- Gonzalez, 318 F.3d 663, 666 (5th Cir. 2003). In addition, “when a
policeman has made a lawful custodial arrest of the occupant of an automobile,
he may, as a contemporaneous incident of that arrest, search the passenger
compartment of that automobile.” New York v. Belton, 453 U.S. 454, 460 (1981)
(footnote omitted).
Here, the parties agree that the search of Phillips’s SUV was not in
violation of the Fourth Amendment if, as an officer testified at the suppression
hearing, Phillips had marijuana lying in plain view on his dashboard when the
officers approached his vehicle. Phillips argues that the district court clearly
erred in finding that the marijuana was in plain view. He contends that it was
hidden in a black leather case that was attached to his sun visor.
A video of the traffic stop was admitted into evidence at the suppression
hearing, but it does not reveal whether the marijuana was in plain view. The
microphone failed to record the exchanges between Phillips and the arresting
officers, so the video is of little help to Phillips. The theories of both parties are
equally plausible in light of the record as a whole. Therefore, the district court’s

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finding that the marijuana was in plain view on Phillips’s dashboard is not
clearly erroneous. See Trujillo, 502 F.3d at 356; Gillyard, 261 F.3d at 509. The
search of Phillips’s SUV did not violate the Fourth Amendment, see Belton, 453
U.S. at 460, and the district court properly denied the motion to suppress.
AFFIRMED.

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