Claude F. Garrett v. TONY MAYS, Warden

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 19a0490n.06
No. 17-5154
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
CLAUDE F. GARRETT,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v.
TONY MAYS, Warden,
Respondent-Appellee.
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ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR
THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF
TENNESSEE
BEFORE: ROGERS, WHITE, and READLER, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM. Claude F. Garrett, a Tennessee prisoner represented by counsel, appeals
the district court’s judgment denying his petition for a writ of habeas corpus filed under 28 U.S.C.
§ 2254. As set forth below, we VACATE the district court’s judgment and REMAND for further
proceedings.
After a retrial, a jury convicted Garrett of first-degree felony murder arising out of a
1992 house fire that killed his girlfriend. Garrett received a life sentence. On direct appeal, the
Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed Garrett’s conviction. State v. Garrett, No. M2004-
02089-CCA-R3-CD, 2005 WL 3262933 (Tenn. Crim. App. Dec. 1, 2005), perm. app. denied
(Tenn. May 1, 2006).
In 2013, after unsuccessfully seeking post-conviction relief in the Tennessee courts, Garrett
filed a pro se habeas petition and memorandum in support raising thirty-five grounds for relief.
The district court appointed counsel to represent Garrett and granted sixty days to “file an amended
petition, if necessary.” (R. 6, PageID 647). Counsel filed an amended habeas petition listing seven

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claims for relief and stating: “This amended petition does not super[s]ede or replace Mr. Garrett’s
pro se Petition (D.E. 1, Petition and attached Appendices) or his Memorandum in support thereof.
(D.E. 2.) Rather, it supplements those documents, and therefore all allegations contained therein
remain before this Court.” (R. 12, PageID 655). The amended habeas petition further stated that
“Garrett relies upon all facts contained [in the state court record], as well as those contained in his
pro se filings.” (Id. PageID 656).
The district court subsequently denied habeas relief. In doing so, the district court
“deem[ed] the amended petition to supersede the pro se petition and the claims therein” and
“deem[ed] the claims in the pro se petition to be waived,” unless those claims were “adopted and
supported by legal memorandum.” (R. 23, PageID 5192). As for Garrett’s amended habeas
petition, the district court concluded that his claims either lacked merit or were procedurally
defaulted. The district court granted a certificate of appealability on all non-defaulted claims.
Garrett moved to alter or amend the district court’s judgment pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 59(e), submitting new evidence. The district court denied Garrett’s Rule 59(e) motion
but granted a certificate of appealability as to whether his newly submitted evidence should be
considered.
Garrett filed a timely notice of appeal and moved this court to expand the certificate of
appealability granted by the district court. Granting Garrett’s motion, this court expanded the
certificate of appealability to include whether his amended habeas petition superseded his pro se
habeas petition, such that he waived the claims raised in his pro se habeas petition.
Garrett argues—and the respondent concedes—that, in light of this court’s decision in
Braden v. United States, 817 F.3d 926 (6th Cir. 2016), we should remand the case to the district
court to address the claims raised in his pro se habeas petition. In Braden, this court acknowledged

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that, “[g]enerally, amended pleadings supersede original pleadings.” Id. at 930 (quoting Hayward
v. Cleveland Clinic Found., 759 F.3d 601, 617 (6th Cir. 2014)). This court recognized an exception
“to this rule where a party evinces an intent for the amended pleading to supplement rather than
supersede the original pleading.” Id. “An amended pleading supersedes a former pleading if the
amended pleading ‘is complete in itself and does not refer to or adopt a former pleading[.]’” Id.
(alteration in original) (quoting Shreve v. Franklin Cty., 743 F.3d 126, 131 (6th Cir. 2014)). As in
this case, the petitioner in Braden filed a pro se petition, the district court appointed counsel, and
counsel filed an amended petition, stating that the amended petition “does not abrogate” the claims
raised in the pro se petition but rather “supplements” those claims. Id. This court held that the
district court erred in treating the petitioner’s pro se petition as superseded by his habeas petition:
“Because the amended petition was not ‘complete in itself’ and because it referred to and adopted
the prior petition, the amended petition did not supersede the original petition. [The petitioner]
unequivocally evinced an intent to supplement his original petition.” Id. at 931 (internal citation
omitted).
Garrett’s amended habeas petition likewise “unequivocally evinced an intent to supplement
his original petition.” Id. The district court therefore erred in deeming Garrett’s pro se habeas
petition superseded by his amended habeas petition and deeming the claims raised in his pro se
habeas petition waived.
Following Braden, Garrett’s filings are properly considered to be a single habeas petition.
See id. (stating that “the amended petition was not ‘complete in itself’”). Although the district
court resolved the claims raised in Garrett’s amended habeas petition, it has not reached the claims
raised in his pro se habeas petition. Because some of those claims overlap, we decline to consider
the claims raised in the amended habeas petition independently.

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Accordingly, we VACATE the district court’s judgment and REMAND to the district
court to consider Garrett’s habeas petition in full and make all appropriate factual findings and
legal determinations.

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