Aref Yousefi v. Delta Electric Motors Inc., a Washington Corporation;

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
AREF YOUSEFI,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
DELTA ELECTRIC MOTORS INC., a
Washington Corporation; et al.,
Defendants-Appellees.
No. 15-35549
D.C. No. 2:13-cv-01632-RSL
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Washington
Robert S. Lasnik, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted September 1, 2017**
Seattle, Washington
Before: HAWKINS and McKEOWN, Circuit Judges, and FOOTE,*** District
Judge.
Aref Yousefi brought this action against his former employer, Delta Electric
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
*** The Honorable Elizabeth E. Foote, United States District Judge for the
Western District of Louisiana, sitting by designation.
FILED
SEP 6 2017
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

-- 1 of 4 --

2
Motors Inc. (“Delta”), alleging that he was subjected to a hostile work
environment. Following a nine-day jury trial, Yousefi seeks a new trial due to
statements made by defense counsel during closing arguments and the exclusion of
two exhibits from the jury room. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291,
and we affirm.
Yousefi argues that defense counsel’s closing argument means that a new
trial is warranted. The district court’s control of closing arguments is reviewed for
abuse of discretion, Larez v. Holcomb, 16 F.3d 1513, 1520–21 (9th Cir. 1994), and
a new trial is warranted if the improper statements “so permeated the trial as to
lead to the conclusion the jury was necessarily influenced by passion and prejudice
in reaching its verdict,” Cooper v. Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., 945 F.2d 1103,
1107 (9th Cir. 1991).
According to Yousefi, Delta’s counsel misled the jurors by saying that the
actions of some Delta employees occurred before the filing periods mandated by
the statutes of limitations governing Yousefi’s claims. The district court gave
specific and clear instructions on how these statutes of limitations affected
Yousefi’s claims. Yousefi does not challenge the court’s instructions, and he
agrees it was his burden to show that at least one act or statement contributing to
the hostile work environment occurred during the applicable filing periods. See
Nat’l R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, 108–13 (2002). Counsel’s

-- 2 of 4 --

3
isolated statements about Brian Thornton merely emphasized that none of
Thornton’s alleged actions could count as the act or statement that occurred within
the filing periods. To the extent that Yousefi also challenges counsel’s failure to
mention a statement allegedly made in 2011 by Joseph DiPietro, it is not defense
counsel’s responsibility to mention evidence favorable to the plaintiff in a closing
argument. The district court did not abuse its discretion by not giving a specific
curative instruction.
Yousefi also fails to establish prejudice. The court admonished the jurors
that “the law is not what [the lawyers] put up on a chart necessarily” and stressed
that “of course the instructions control” if the lawyer’s statements are “inconsistent
with the instructions.” Given these clear instructions and the isolated nature of
counsel’s statements, Yousefi has not overcome the “almost invariable assumption
of the law that jurors follow their instructions.” See Richardson v. Marsh, 481
U.S. 200, 206 (1987).
Yousefi next argues that a new trial is necessary because the district court
did not provide the jurors with two exhibits during their deliberations. We review
the decision to exclude exhibits from jury deliberations for abuse of discretion and
will not reverse unless the exclusion resulted in prejudice. Roberts v. Coll. of the
Desert, 870 F.2d 1411, 1418 (9th Cir. 1988).
The district court did not abuse its discretion by excluding Yousefi’s letter to

-- 3 of 4 --

4
Delta (Exhibit 51). The letter, which was offered for the limited purpose of
showing notice even though notice was not disputed, consisted of Yousefi’s own
hearsay. Not only may a witness not offer his own written hearsay statements at
trial to bolster his own credibility, see Fed. R. Evid. 801(a)–(c), 802, but there was
no prejudice because the jury repeatedly viewed the letter at trial and the events
described in the letter were the subject of extensive live testimony.
Nor did the district court abuse its discretion by excluding Yousefi’s outline
to his Union representative (Exhibit 50). Like the letter, the outline contained
Yousefi’s own hearsay. But unlike the letter, the outline could not show notice
because it is undisputed that Yousefi never gave Delta the outline. The allegations
contained in the outline were also essentially identical to those in the letter, which
the jury repeatedly viewed at trial.
AFFIRMED.

-- 4 of 4 --