Janine Thomas, mother of J.T., a minor student v. Empire Springs Charter School

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JANINE THOMAS, mother of J.T., a
minor student,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
EMPIRE SPRINGS CHARTER
SCHOOL,
Defendant-Appellee.
No. 21-55284
D.C. No.
5:19-cv-01891-JGB-SP
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Jesus G. Bernal, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted January 12, 2022**
Pasadena, California
Before: RAWLINSON and WATFORD, Circuit Judges, and RAKOFF,*** District
Judge.
FILED
JAN 19 2022
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
*** The Honorable Jed S. Rakoff, United States District Judge for the
Southern District of New York, sitting by designation.

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Appellant Janine Thomas (Thomas) is the mother of minor child J.T.
Thomas filed a complaint with the Office of Administrative Hearings, State of
California (OAH) alleging that Empire Springs Charter School (Empire) violated
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and state law by
disenrolling J.T. for failure to comply with the school’s testing requirements.
Thomas did not prevail in the administrative hearing or the district court, and filed
this timely appeal. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. Reviewing de
novo, we AFFIRM. See D. D. v. Los Angeles Unified Sch. Dist., 18 F.4th 1043,
1054 (9th Cir. 2021) (en banc) (applying de novo review).
1. J.T.’s disenrollment complied with California Education Code §
47605(c)(5)(J). Section 47605(c)(5)(J) requires notice and a hearing when a
student is suspended for 10 days or more, or expelled for disciplinary reasons. See
Cal. Educ. Code § 47605(c)(5)(J)(ii). However, Thomas concedes that J.T. was
not disenrolled for disciplinary reasons. Rather, J.T. was disenrolled for failure to
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comply with the testing requirements imposed by Empire’s Student Agreement.1
Therefore, § 47605(c)(5)(J)(ii) does not apply to J.T.’s disenrollment.
2. Thomas contends that despite the Empire Student Agreement, J.T. was
exempt from the testing requirements as a special education student. However,
Thomas revoked her consent to the special education services previously provided
to J.T. Thus, J.T. was no longer exempt from the testing requirements in the
Empire Student Agreement. See Assistance to States for the Education of Children
With Disabilities and Preschool Grants for Children With Disabilities, 73 Fed.
Reg. 73006-01, 73013, 2008 WL 5043663 (Dec. 1, 2008) (“Once a parent revokes
consent for special education and related services under § 300.300(b), the child is a
general education student. . . .”)
3. Thomas argues that referral of J.T. for special education assessment
following her revocation reinstated IDEA protection for J.T. Thomas relies on 20
U.S.C. § 1415(k)(5)(B)(ii) to support her argument. However, the provisions of §
1 Contrary to Thomas’s arguments, Empire’s Student Agreement was not an
invalid contract under California Civil Code §§ 1667 and 1668. Empire’s Student
Agreement did not violate § 1667 because it was neither “[c]ontrary to an express
provision of law;” “[c]ontrary to the policy of express law . . . ;” nor “[o]therwise
contrary to good morals.” Cal. Civ. Code § 1667. The Agreement did not violate
§ 1668 because it did not “directly or indirectly . . . exempt anyone from
responsibility for his own fraud, or willful injury to the person or property of
another, or violation of law, whether willful or negligent.” Cal. Civ. Code § 1668.
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1415(k)(5) apply only in the context of “disciplinary action.” 20 U.S.C. §
1415(k)(5)(A). As discussed, J.T. was not subjected to any disciplinary action.
Accordingly, Thomas’s reliance on § 1415(k)(5)(B)(ii) is misplaced.
AFFIRMED.
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