ALAN BOAZ v. THIRTEEN HUNDRED ON LAKE NOTTELY PROPERTY OWNERS ASSOCIATION, INC.

THIRD DIVISION
DILLARD, P. J.,
GOBEIL and PIPKIN, JJ.

NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
https://www.gaappeals.gov/rules

June 16, 2026

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
A26A0455. BOAZ et al v. THIRTEEN HUNDRED ON LAKE NOTTELY
PROPERTY OWNERS ASSOCIATION, INC.

PIPKIN, Judge.

Alan Boaz, Davis Freidman, Carol Freidman, and Bob Alma (collectively,

“Appellants”) brought this action against numerous parties, including their

homeowners association, Thirteen Hundred On Lake Nottely Property Owners

Association (hereinafter “the Association”). The Association filed a motion to

dismiss under OCGA § 9-11-12(b)(1) and (6). After a hearing, the trial court granted

the motion, concluding that Appellants did not have standing to file a direct action
against the Association.1 Appellants now appeal this ruling. For the reasons that

follow, we affirm the decision of the trial court as right for any reason.

1. When reviewing a trial court’s ruling on a motion to dismiss pursuant to

OCGA § 9-11-12(b)(1), we keep in mind that

a motion brought under OCGA § 9-11-12(b)(1) asserts the defense of lack
of jurisdiction over the subject matter. When a defendant challenges a
plaintiff’s standing by bringing an OCGA § 9-11-12(b)(1) motion, the
plaintiff bears the burden of establishing that jurisdiction exists. A
motion to dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction can allege either
a facial challenge, in which the court accepts as true the allegations...of
the complaint, or a factual challenge, which requires consideration of
evidence....And we review de novo a trial court’s grant of a motion to
dismiss due to lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.

Stillwell v. Topa Ins. Co., 363 Ga. App. 126, 127–28 (871 SE2d 8) (2022) (citation

modified). Moreover, “standing is not dispensed in gross. That is, plaintiffs must

demonstrate standing for each claim that they press against each defendant, and for

each form of relief that they seek.” Murthy v. Missouri, 603 U.S. 43, 61(II)(B)(1) (144

SCt 1972, 219 LE2d 604) (2024) (citation modified). See also Center for a Sustainable

1
The trial court also determined that the Freidmans’ individual claim for
intentional infliction of emotional distress failed to state a claim for relief. In
Appellants’ stream-of-consciousness style briefing, they appear to concede that
“under the set of facts set forth in their pleadings, Plaintiffs/Appellants could not
establish a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress (as ruled by the trial
court)[.]” Accordingly, we do not review this ruling.
2
Coast, Inc. v. Turner, 324 Ga. App. 762, 765 (751 SE2d 555) (2013) (“A plaintiff must

demonstrate standing separately for each form of relief sought.”). With these

principles in mind, we turn to the claim on appeal.

2. Appellants contend that the trial court erred when it dismissed their case

against the Association based upon a lack of standing to bring a direct action. Viewing

the relevant pleadings in the proper light, the record shows as follows. In July 2024,

Appellants initiated a direct action against the Association and other named

defendants,2 amending their complaint four times during the proceedings. The fourth

amended complaint, which controls here, alleged breach of contract, breach of

fiduciary duty, intentional infliction of emotional distress, fraud and deception,

tortious interference with real estate and defamation, punitive damages, and attorney

fees. In every iteration of their complaint, Appellants sought injunctive and

declaratory relief, requesting that the trial court dissolve the Association and remove

the members of the board.

The Association moved to dismiss the action, arguing that, because Appellants’

claims were derivative in nature, and because the declaration and amendments

2
Those defendants are still named parties in the proceedings below and were
not involved in the Association’s motion to dismiss.
3
establishing the Association did not state an affirmative election to be governed by

Georgia’s Property Owners’ Association Act, see OCGA § 44-3-220 et seq.,

Appellants were required to bring a derivative action against the Association under

OCGA § 14-3-741 of the Georgia Nonprofit Corporation Code. The Association also

asserted that Appellants lacked the authority to bring a derivative action under the

controlling statute and that the action against the Association therefore should be

dismissed. In their response, Appellants conceded that they could not bring a

derivative action, but argued that OCGA § 44-5-60(d)(5) provided a “carve out” to

the derivative action requirement of OCGA § 14-3-741 under which they had standing

to bring a direct action against the Association. After conducting a lengthy statutory

analysis, the trial court agreed with the Association, concluding that the Georgia

Nonprofit Corporation Code controlled and that the plain language of OCGA § 44-5-

60(d)(5) did not create an exception to OCGA § 14-3-741.

On appeal, Appellants continue to argue that the plain language of OCGA § 44-

5-60(d)(5) provides an avenue for a homeowner to file a direct action against a

4
homeowners association.3 Relying on the language of this code section, Appellants

argue that they properly pled and established standing in the controlling complaint.

Based upon the relevant pleadings in this case, we disagree.

OCGA § 44-5-60(d)(5) provides plot owners in a subdivision governed by an

entity, such as a homeowners association, a means to ensure that the governing entity

continues to operate as it should. In that vein, subsection (d)(5)(A) states:

Notwithstanding and prior to the usual expiration of the period of
covenants restricting land to certain uses affecting planned subdivisions
containing no fewer than 15 individual plots as provided for by this
subsection, the right to control any entity formed for the purpose of
enforcing such covenants may pass to the subdivision plot owners as
provided in this paragraph if such entity fails to do any of the following:
(i) Incorporate or maintain an annual registration pursuant to the
terms of the covenants;
(ii) Cause the board of directors to be duly appointed and the
officers to be elected pursuant to the terms of the covenants;

3
Of course, “[m]embers or directors of nonprofit corporations may [] bring
direct actions against the corporation, but only if the member suffered a special injury
as a result of the corporate wrong.” Murray v. Lexington Park of Fulton Cnty. Cmty.
Ass’n, Inc., 372 Ga. App. 269, 271(2) (904 SE2d 119) (2024). Though Appellants
argued unsuccessfully in the trial court that they met this standard, they have not
renewed this argument on appeal. Moreover, the trial court specifically determined
that Appellants’ action was derivative in nature, a conclusion that Appellants do not
challenge on appeal. And, “[g]rounds that are not attacked as erroneous will not be
considered on appeal and are presumed to be binding and correct.” Brown v. Fokes
Props. 2002, Inc., 283 Ga. 231, 233(2) (657 SE2d 820) (2008).
5
(iii) Maintain and make available to owners, upon written request,
a list of the names and business or home addresses of the entity’s current
directors and officers;
(iv) Call meetings of the members of the entity in accordance with
the provisions of the covenants;
(v) Prepare an annual operating budget, establish the annual
assessment, and distribute such budget and notice of assessment to plot
owners in accordance with the provisions of the covenants no later than
30 days after the beginning of the entity’s fiscal year; or
(vi) Pay property taxes on common property in the planned
subdivision for two or more years.

OCGA § 44-5-60(d)(5)(A). Pursuant to subsection (d)(5)(B), if the governing entity

does not “meet one or more of the obligations of this paragraph, then any plot owner,

acting individually or jointly with other plot owners, may send such entity written

notice of the failure to comply with such requirements and provide the entity a 30 day

opportunity to cure the failure[.]” If the deficiency is not cured within the 30-day time

frame, then

any plot owner, acting individually or jointly with other plot owners,
shall have standing individually, and not solely through a derivative
action, to institute an action in the superior court of the county in which
any portion of the entity is located in order to obtain declaratory
judgment to grant the plot owner or owners control of the entity by
ordering an election and setting the terms thereof, or issuing any other orders
appropriate to transfer control of the entity.

(Emphasis supplied).

6
Appellants argue that the trial court erred when it determined that the plain

language of this subsection did not give Appellants standing to pursue a direct action

in this case. Assuming without deciding that OCGA § 44-5-60(d)(5)(B) allows plot

owners to bring a direct action for declaratory relief against their homeowners

association, the trial court’s dismissal of Appellants’ action was proper because

Appellants failed to establish they had standing, even under this statute. Indeed,

Appellants did not seek a declaratory judgment requesting a new election or transfer

of control as provided for by the statute; instead, they sought to have the entire

Association dissolved and declared illegal, remedies for which the statute does not

provide. Accordingly, even if we read the statute in the manner suggested by

Appellants, they failed to properly plead and, therefore, trigger the standing for a

direct action under this code section.

Consequently, though we disagree with the reasoning in the trial court’s order,

we agree with its ultimate conclusion dismissing the action and affirm as right for any

reason. See City of Gainesville v. Dodd, 275 Ga. 834, 836 (573 SE2d 369) (2002) (“A

judgment right for any reason will be affirmed by the appellate courts.” (citation

modified)).

Judgment affirmed. Dillard, P. J., and Gobeil, J., concur.
7