USA Parts Supply, Cadillac USA and Oldsmobile USA v. Chiacchieri et al

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IN THE UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA
IN RE: 	)
)
U.S.A. PARTS SUPPLY, CADILLAC 	)
U.S.A. AND OLDSMOBILE U.S.A. 	)
LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, 	) 	Case No.: 3:20-bk-00241
)
Debtor. 	) 	Chapter 11
____________________________________)
)
U.S.A. PARTS SUPPLY, CADILLAC 	)
U.S.A. AND OLDSMOBILE U.S.A. 	)
LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, 	)
)
Plaintiff, 	)
)
v. 	) 	AP No.: 3:20-ap-00024
)
MICHAEL CHIACCHIERI and 	)
CHRISTOPHER CORRADO, 	)
)
Defendants. 	)
____________________________________)
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Michael Chiacchieri and Christopher Corrado (the “Defendants”) seek the dismissal of the
adversary complaint filed against them by U.S.A. Parts Supply, Cadillac, U.S.A. and Oldsmobile
U.S.A. Limited Partnership (the “Debtor”). In their motion, the Defendants contend that the court
should dismiss this adversary proceeding, because the court lacks subject matter jurisdiction and
because the Debtor otherwise fails to state a claim upon which the court can grant relief. 	In
opposition, the Debtor contends that its Amended Complaint should survive the motion to dismiss.
Specifically, it contends that it states three counts upon which relief can be granted.
For the reasons stated herein, the court will grant the Defendants’ motion to dismiss Count
I but will deny the motion as to Counts II and III.
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I. 	STANDARD OF REVIEW
When a motion under Fed. R. Civ. P. (“Rule”) 12(b)(1), made applicable to this proceeding
by Fed. R. Bankr. P. 7012(b), attacks the factual basis for subject matter jurisdiction, the burden
of proving subject matter jurisdiction is on the plaintiff. Adams v. Bain, 697 F.2d 1213, 1219 (4th
Cir. 1982). The court is to regard the pleadings' allegations as mere evidence on the issue, and a
court may consider evidence by affidavit, depositions or live testimony without converting the
proceeding to one for summary judgment. Id.; Trentacosta v. Frontier Pacific Aircraft Indus., 813
F.2d 1553, 1558 (9th Cir. 1987).
Under Rule 12(b)(6), a complaint should be dismissed for "failure to state a claim upon
which relief can be granted." Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6); Fed. R. Bankr. P. 7012(b) (incorporating
Rule 12(b)(6). To survive a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, the complaint must contain "enough facts to
state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Bonds v. Leavitt, 629 F.3d 369, 385 (4th Cir.
2011) (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). "[T]he complaint must
contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its
face.’”Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). As the
Fourth Circuit has explained, the plausibility standard requires a plaintiff “to articulate facts, when
accepted as true, that ‘show’ that the plaintiff has stated a claim entitling him to relief, i.e., the
‘plausibility’ of ‘entitlement to relief.’” Francis v. Giacomelli, 588 F.3d 186, 193 (4th Cir. 2009)
(quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 557). Finally, when courts evaluate a motion to dismiss, they are
to (1) construe the complaint in a light favorable to the plaintiff, (2) take factual allegations as true,
and (3) draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the plaintiff. 5C Charles Wright & Arthur Miller,
Federal Practice and Procedure § 1357 (3d. ed. 2012) (collecting thousands of cases). The court's
role in ruling on a motion to dismiss is not to weigh the evidence, but to analyze the legal feasibility
of the complaint. See Cooper v. Parsky, 140 F.3d 433, 440 (2d Cir. 1998). 	In fact, the court is
“limited to considering the sufficiency of allegations set forth in the complaint and the ‘documents
attached or incorporated into the complaint.’” Zak v. Chelsea Therapeutics Int'l Ltd., 780 F.3d 597,
607 (4th Cir. 2015) (citing E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. v. Kolon Indus Inc., 637 F.3d 435, 448
(4th Cir. 2011)).
II. 	BACKGROUND
The Debtor is a Maryland limited partnership with its principal place of business in
Kearneysville, West Virginia. The Defendants purport to be limited partners of the Debtor. On
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August 7, 2018, the Defendants filed a complaint against the Debtor and Michael Cannan in the
Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Maryland (the “MD Receivership Proceeding”). 	In the
MD Receivership Proceeding, the Defendants alleged numerous actions against the Debtor and
Mr. Cannan which seemingly arose from Mr. Cannan’s management of the Debtor.1 On February
13, 2019, after the Debtor admittedly failed to defend in the MD Receivership Proceeding, the
court ordered the appointment of Cheryl E. Rose as Receiver to conduct an accounting, pursue
avoidable transfers under state law, wind-up the Debtor’s business with court approval, collect all
sums the Debtor was entitled to recover from Mr. Cannan and third parties, and otherwise
undertake the duties of a receiver under the laws of Maryland.
On October 10, 2019, the Maryland court entered summary judgment for the Defendants
and found the Debtor and Mr. Cannan jointly and severally liable to the Defendants for the sum of
$300,000.00 (the “Summary Judgment Order”).2 	Of the total sum, the court awarded “the
Plaintiffs who [pursued that] action” $100,000.00 as an administrative expense of the Receivership
for expenses they incurred associated with the action and $200,000.00 as an “allowed general
unsecured claim against the Receivership Estate . . . .” Moreover, the Summary Judgement Order
stated that the Receiver “shall continue to perform her duties” in accordance with the Maryland
court’s prior order. On December 18, 2019, the Defendants allegedly domesticated the Summary
Judgment Order in Jefferson County, West Virginia.
On March 22, 2020, the Debtor filed its voluntary petition for Chapter 11 relief. On May
26, 2020, the Debtor filed its Complaint which began this adversary proceeding. On June 4, 2020,
the Defendants filed their first motion to dismiss in the adversary proceeding.3 	The court
subsequently entered an order in the bankruptcy case that narrowed the issues in this adversary
proceeding. However, the court permitted an Amended Complaint, which the Debtor filed on June
18, 2020. Additionally, on June 8, 2020, the Debtor filed its Objection to Proof of Claim 4 (the
1 The Debtor noted that Mr. Cannan is not the general partner of the Debtor. Rather, the Debtor claims CUSAPS,
Inc. is the General Partner. In any event, the MD Receivership Proceeding continued against the Debtor and Mr.
Cannan.
2 On March 10, 2019, the Maryland court amended the summary judgment order allegedly in order for the
Defendants to record the Summary Judgment Order in Virginia.
3 On June 23, 2020, the Debtor filed its Notice of Appeal of the court’s June 10 Order in the Debtor’s bankruptcy
case. Notice of Appeal, Case No. 3:20-bk-00241, Dkt. No. 100. Therefore, this court’s order is subject to review by
the District Court, but notably, the Debtor did not seek to stay the effect of the court’s order.
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“Claim Objection”), which relates to this proceeding.4 The Debtor’s Claim Objection appears to
address similar, if not identical, issues as in its Amended Complaint in this adversary proceeding.
On July 2, 2020, the Defendants filed their response to the Debtor’s Claim Objection, which
appears to also address similar, if not identical, issues as in this adversary proceeding.
III. 	DISCUSSION
The Defendants now seek dismissal of this proceeding because the court lacks subject
matter jurisdiction and the Debtor failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. By its
Amended Complaint, the Debtor seeks three forms of relief: (1) to invalidate the Defendants’ lien
because the MD Receivership Proceeding did not result in a final order, (2) to invalidate the
Defendants’ lien because the Defendants failed to comply with the Uniform Enforcement of
Judgments Act and other aspects of West Virginia law, and (3) that the court relegate the
Defendants to unsecured status based upon the Maryland Commercial Receivership Act and the
plain language in the Summary Judgment Order. The court will address each count in turn.
Count I is substantially the same, if not identical, to the issue resolved by this court in its
June 10, 2020 Order. Based upon the court’s analysis there, the court does not perceive the need
to analyze Count I. The court will grant the Defendant’s motion in that regard based on the strength
of the court’s June 10, 2020 Order.
Regarding Count II, the Defendants argue that the Debtor failed to state a claim upon which
relief can be granted because the Defendants complied with both W. Va. Code § 55-14-2 and W.
Va. Code § 38-3-1 et seq. when recording their lien in West Virginia. Specifically, the Defendants
claim that no basis exists to invalidate the lien because the Clerk of Jefferson County, West
Virginia recorded the Summary Judgment Order and did not identify any deficiencies in that
regard. Moreover, the Defendants claim that the Debtor obtained notice of the MD Receivership
Proceeding. Conversely, the Debtor argues that it stated a claim upon which relief can be granted.
Specifically, the Debtor argues that the Defendants failed to comply with the requirements of W.
Va. Code § 55-14-2 and W. Va. Code § 38-3-1 such that the Defendants do not have a valid
judgment lien in the Circuit Court of Jefferson County against the Debtor’s real property.
Moreover, the Debtor claims that the Defendants filed the Summary Judgment Order in the
4 On July 7, 2020, United Bank filed its response to the Debtor’s Claim Objection. In its response, United Bank
states that it filed Proof of Claim 4 against the Debtor on May 11, 2020. Despite the Debtor’s Claim Objection
referencing claim 4, it appears that the Debtor meant to object to Proof of Claim 5 filed on behalf of the Defendants.
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“County Court” but not the “Circuit Court of Jefferson County, as required by of W. Va. Code §
55-14-2.”5
In relevant part, of W. Va. Code § 55-14-2, otherwise known as the Uniform Enforcement
of Foreign Judgment Act (the “UEFJA”), provides that:
A copy of any foreign judgment authenticated in accordance with an act of
Congress or the statutes of this State may be filed in the office of the clerk of any
circuit court of this State. The clerk shall treat the foreign judgment in the same
manner as a judgment of any circuit court of this State. A judgment so filed has the
same effect and is subject to the same procedures, defenses and proceedings for
reopening, vacating or staying as a judgment of a circuit court of this State and may
be enforced or satisfied in like manner . . . .
W. Va. Code § 55-14-2 (emphasis added). The UEFJA also contains notice requirements. See W.
Va. Code § 55-14-3. Specifically, “the judgment creditor . . . must file with the clerk of the circuit
court an affidavit setting forth the name and last known post-office address of the judgment debtor
and the judgment creditor” and “the clerk shall mail notice of the filing of the foreign judgment to
the judgment debtor . . . .” Id. § 55-14-3(a)-(b). “No execution or other process for enforcement
of a foreign judgment filed hereunder may issue until thirty days after the date the judgment is
filed.” Id. § 55-14-3(c).
Additionally, W. Va. Code § 38-3-1 et seq. outlines the process for recording any judgment
as a lien in West Virginia. “[A] decree or order requiring the payment of money shall have the
effect of a judgment for such . . . money, and be embraced by the word ‘judgment’ . . . .” W. Va.
Code § 38-3-2. “[Any] persons entitled to the benefit of any decree or order requiring the payment
of money shall be deemed judgment creditors.” W. Va. Code § 38-3-2. “[T]he word “judgment”
shall include any undertaking, bond or recognizance which has the force of a judgment.” W. Va.
Code § 38-3-3. In addition, West Virginia requires every clerk of court make out and deliver an
abstract of judgment in order for a judgment creditor to obtain a valid judgment lien. W. Va. Code
§ 38-3-4. The abstract of judgment shall include certain information including:
(a) The names in full of the plaintiff or plaintiffs, and the defendant or defendants,
as they appear in the papers and proceedings in the cause, and if the defendants are
sued as partners, the individual names of such defendants, and also the partnership
name shall be stated; (b) the amount of the judgment and the amount of the costs,
stating each separately; (c) the value of the specific property (if any) recovered by
5 Although vaguely argued, the court perceives that Debtor’s allegation to be that the Defendants recorded their
Maryland Judgment with the County Clerk for Jefferson County without properly domesticating it in West Virginia
consistent with the UEFJA.
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it, and the damages, if any, for its detention; (d) the date of the judgment and the
court in which, or the justice [magistrate] by whom, the judgment was rendered.
Id. Furthermore,
[t]he clerk of every county court shall keep in his office . . . a judgment docket, in
which he shall docket . . . any judgment rendered by any justice of the peace
[magistrate] or court of this State or by any court of the United States within this
State, upon the delivery to him of an authenticated abstract thereof for that purpose,
and the payment or tender of his fee therefor.
W. Va. Code § 38-3-5. 	In such docket, there are similar, but also additional, information
requirements to the above.
Here, the Debtor stated a plausible cause of action. 	Specifically, it asserted that the
Defendants failed to record the Summary Judgment Order with the “Circuit Clerk” of Jefferson
County as required by the UEFJA and that the Defendants failed to follow the proper notice
requirements. However, the Debtor notably conceded facts surrounding the Defendants’ attempt
to domesticate the Summary Judgment Order in Jefferson County, West Virginia by recording
with the “County Clerk.” Nevertheless, the Debtor claims that the Defendants violated the above-
mentioned requirements to record the judgment such that they do not possess a valid judgment
lien.
Notably, the Defendants’ motion to dismiss contains zero support or argument regarding
the claim that they failed to comply with the UEFJA or other West Virginia law. Specifically, the
Defendants do not contend that they first recorded their judgment in the Circuit Court of Jefferson
County in compliance with the UEFJA. They merely state that the Debtor had notice and the Clerk
never raised any deficiencies with the judgment’s recordation in the County Court. 	Thus, after
construing the Amended Complaint in the light most favorable to the Debtor, taking all factual
allegations as true, and drawing all reasonable inferences in favor of the Debtor, the court finds
that the Debtor stated a plausible claim. The Defendants failed to convince the court otherwise.
The court will not dismiss Count II.
Finally, the Defendants argue that Count III is subject to dismissal because the Debtor
failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Specifically, the Defendants assert that
their claim is secured because they properly recorded the Summary Judgment Order in West
Virginia. Moreover, the Defendants argue that the recordation of the judgment more than 90 days
prior to the commencement of the petition date elevated their claims to secured status or at the
least partially undersecured. 	In response, the Debtor claims that it stated a plausible claim.
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Specifically, the Debtor claims that the court should apply the plain text of the Summary Judgment
Order to limit the Defendants to an unsecured claim, even if the Summary Judgment Order is
afforded full faith and credit. Moreover, the Debtor claims that the plain text does not grant the
Defendants judgment creditor status against the Debtor, nor does it grant them anything more than
a general unsecured claim.
Notably, the Debtor’s Amended Complaint seems to rely upon the Maryland Commercial
Receivership Act (the “MCRA”). 	While the Debtor does not expand upon its argument in that
regard in its Response, this recently enacted statute provides that an order appointing a receiver
shall operate as a stay of an act to:
(1) Commence or continue a judicial, administrative, or other action or proceeding
against the owner that was or could have been commenced before entry of the order;
(2) Collect, assess, or recover a claim against the owner that arose before entry of
the order;
(3) Obtain possession of, exercise control over, or enforce a judgment against the
receivership property obtained before entry of the order; or
(4) Create, perfect, or enforce a lien or other claim against the receivership property
that arose before entry of the order.
M D. CODE . ANN., COM. LAW § 24-401(a). In other words, the MCRA prohibits creditors, upon the
court's entry of a receivership order, from obtaining a perfected lien on the receivership debtor's
property. However, there are exceptions. For example, “[a]n act to perfect, maintain, or continue
the perfection of an interest in receivership property” is not stayed by the MCRA. Id. § 24-
401(c)(2).
Here, the court perceives no basis to grant the Defendant’s motion to dismiss. Specifically,
the Defendants did not put into controversy the MCRA’s operation or how their conduct was
excepted therefrom. 	Without further argument by the Defendants, the court believes that the
Debtor stated a plausible claim upon which relief can be granted, because the MCRA seems to
enact a stay against the creation, perfection, or enforcement a lien or other claim against the
receivership property. 	In addition, the Summary Judgment Order explicitly provides for an
unsecured claim of $200,000.00 against the Receivership Estate. While it is unclear to the court
what impact the MCRA or the express language of the Summary Judgment Order has on the
Debtor’s action here, the court believes that the Debtor stated a plausible claim, and it will not
dismiss Count III.
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IV. 	CONCLUSION
Based upon the foregoing, the court will enter a separate order granting the motion to
dismiss in part and denying the Defendant’s motion to dismiss in part. Furthermore, upon based
on the foregoing analysis and the pendency and similarity of issues regarding the Debtor’s Claim
Objection, the court will consolidate the Claim Objection with this adversary proceeding.
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ORDER
Consistent with the memorandum opinion entered contemporaneously herewith, the court does
hereby
ORDER that the Defendants’ motion to dismiss (Doc. No. 12), filed by Michael Chiacchieri and
Christopher Corrado, be and hereby is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. Count I is
hereby DISMISSED. The court does hereby
FURTHER ORDER that the Debtor’s Objection to Proof of Claim 4 is hereby OVERRULED to
the extent it can be construed as an objection to United Bank’s Proof of Claim. Otherwise, the
Debtor’s claim objection is hereby consolidated with this adversary proceeding.
For the reasons set forth above, it is
SO ORDERED.
/s/ David L. Bissett
David L. Bissett
United States Bankruptcy Judge
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