Ryan Mosley v. Quad-City Hockey Association, Michelle Arndt, Anne Gannon, Zach Honert, Tom Peterson, Todd Mahoney, Darren McMillan, Amy Rotert, Jake Toporowski and Melody Wright

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 25-0053
Filed December 3, 2025

RYAN MOSLEY,
Plaintiff-Appellant,

vs.

QUAD-CITY HOCKEY ASSOCIATION, MICHELLE ARNDT, ANNE GANNON,
ZACH HONERT, TOM PETERSON, TODD MAHONEY, DARREN MCMILLAN,
AMY ROTERT, JAKE TOPOROWSKI and MELODY WRIGHT,
Defendants-Appellees.
________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Scott County, Elizabeth O'Donnell,

Judge.

Ryan Mosley appeals the district court’s order granting the defendants’

motion for summary judgment. REVERSED AND REMANDED.

Nicholas J. Huffmon (argued) of Brooks Law Firm, P.C., Rock Island, for

appellant.

Matthew D. Jacobson (argued) and Bryn E. Hazelwonder of Whitfield &

Eddy, P.L.C., Des Moines, for appellee Quad-City Hockey Association.

Richard A. Davidson and Maegan M. Gorham of Lane & Waterman LLP,

Davenport, for appellees.

Heard at oral argument by Tabor, C.J., and Badding and Sandy, JJ.
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SANDY, Judge.

Ryan Mosley appeals the district court’s order granting the Quad-City

Hockey Association (“QCHA”) and individually named defendants’ (collectively, the

“defendants”) motion for summary judgment. Mosley argues the district court erred

in holding that an enforceable alternative dispute resolution (“ADR”) clause existed

within a waiver of liability form he had signed. Mosley further argues that the

district court erred in holding the waiver he signed applies to his claims against

defendants, and that USA Hockey’s bylaws apply to his claims. We reverse and

remand.

I. Background Facts and Proceedings.

The QCHA is a nonprofit corporation incorporated in the State of Iowa. The

individual defendants in this case are directors, officers, and board members of the

QCHA. Mosley was a member of the QCHA from 1998 through 2019, a QCHA

coach from 2015 to 2019, and served on the QCHA Board from 2019 through

July 2021.

In 2020, Mosley signed a Waiver of Liability, Release, Assumption of Risk

and Indemnity Agreement drafted by defendants’ parent company, USA Hockey. 1

1 The parties agree that Mosley signed a waiver of liability form. However, the
parties disagree over which version of the waiver is at issue, even though the slight
differences in language would not affect our analysis. Mosley claims that the 2019-
2020 waiver should be analyzed because his “involvement in the QCHA ended in
or around 2019.” Yet Mosley’s own petition states he was involved with QCHA
from 2020 to 2021, and Exhibit 2 shows a registration receipt completed by Mosley
on October 27, 2020, valid through August 31, 2021. Meanwhile, the defendants
cite to the 2022–2023 registration waiver, even though Mosley was no longer
affiliated with QCHA in 2022 and there is no evidence showing that Mosley signed
the 2022–2023 registration waiver. Since Mosley filed his petition during the time
frame contemplated by the 2020–2021 registration waiver, we analyze the 2020–
2021 registration waiver (Exhibit 2).
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The waiver was valid through August 2021. In July 2021, Mosley filed a petition

asserting the following claims against some or all of the defendants: (1) breach of

fiduciary duty of care; (2) breach of fiduciary duty of good faith, fair dealing, and

candor; (3) breach of fiduciary duty of obedience; (4) breach of contract; and

(5) aiding and abetting, conspiracy, and concerted action.

Defendants moved for summary judgment, arguing that Mosley’s claims

were subject to a mandatory ADR clause established by the terms of the waiver of

liability signed by Mosley. The relevant terms of the waiver the district court found

established the ADR clause are as follows:

As a condition of registration and membership in USA Hockey and
participation in USAH and member team activities, Participant . . .
agrees to abide by and be bound under the playing rules and
governing regulations of USA Hockey, including the USA Hockey By-
Laws2 and the mandatory dispute resolution and discipline
provisions, as published in the current USA Hockey Annual
Guide . . . . Any dispute, claim or cause of action regarding the
terms of this agreement or its subject matter shall be brought
(i) individually, without resort to any form of class or collective action,
and without joinder or consolidation of claims of third parties, and
(ii) exclusively in the manner provided in the applicable rules of USA
Hockey (including, without limitation USA Hockey Bylaw 10).

Mosley resisted the motion for summary judgment. He primarily argued that the

ADR clause is not enforceable, and that even if it were, the clause does not apply

to his claims. The district court granted the defendant’s motion for summary

judgment, and Mosley appealed.

2 The waiver provision uses “Bylaws” and “By-laws” interchangeably. We have
elected to used “Bylaws” throughout our opinion.
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II. Standard of Review.

“We review summary judgment rulings for correction of errors at law.”

Feeback v. Swift Pork Co., 988 N.W.2d 340, 346 (Iowa 2023) (citation omitted).

“Summary judgment is proper when the movant establishes there is no genuine

issue of material fact and it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Est. of

Morgan v. Union Pac. R.R. Co., 20 N.W.3d 232, 237 (Iowa 2025) (citation omitted).

“We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, who is

entitled to every legitimate inference that we may draw from the record.” Id.

(citation omitted).

III. Discussion.

A. Alternative Dispute Resolution

Mosley first challenges the district court’s finding that an enforceable ADR

clause existed within the waiver of liability provision for the 2020–2021 season.

Waivers of liability are a type of contract, so principles of contract law apply to

them. Huber v. Hovey, 501 N.W.2d 53, 55 (Iowa 1993). “An enforceable contract

has three elements: (1) offer, (2) acceptance, and (3) consideration.” Myers v.

Myers, 955 N.W.2d 223, 229 (Iowa Ct. App. 2020). An enforceable waiver must

have “clear and unequivocal language” that notifies a casual reader that they agree

to waive all claims for future acts or omissions of negligence by signing. Lukken

v. Fleischer, 962 N.W.2d 71, 79 (Iowa 2021) (quoting Sweeney v. City of

Bettendorf, 762 N.W.2d 873, 878–79 (Iowa 2009)).

The district court held that the waiver provision was a valid contract and

created an enforceable ADR clause, and we agree. In exchange for membership,

USA Hockey offered events and community membership and Mosley agreed to
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surrender certain legal claims. Mosley’s acceptance is evidenced by his receipt

confirming his registration for the 2020–2021 hockey season. This receipt

contained the relevant waiver of liability provision. However, the main question for

us is not whether an enforceable ADR clause existed or was enforceable. Rather,

the relevant question before us is whether the waiver provision applies to Mosley’s

claims. We think it does not.

B. Waiver Provision

When reviewing a contract, “[t]he intent of the parties controls, and unless

the contract is ambiguous, intent is determined by the plain language of the

contract.” Terry v. Dorothy, 950 N.W.2d 246, 250 (Iowa 2020). “The most

important evidence of the parties’ intentions at the time of contracting is the words

of the contract.” Peak v. Adams, 799 N.W.2d 535, 544 (Iowa 2011).

The waiver provision is not ambiguous, and begins with a paragraph in all

capital letters stating the purpose of the waiver:

It is the purpose of this agreement for the participant . . . to exempt,
waive, release and relieve releasees from liability for bodily and
personal injury and illness, including wrongful death, property
damage, and any other loss suffered by participant caused by or
arising from any negligent act or omission, including the negligence
of releasees, while participating in any USA Hockey activity or event.

(emphasis added). This section of the waiver provision states that Mosley waived

liability for any injury which may be caused by or that arose out of a negligent act

or omission. The plain language of the waiver focuses specifically on potential

claims arising from negligent acts or omissions. This language demonstrates the

defendants did not intend for the waiver to cover or contemplate non-negligence-

based causes of action, even if they wish it would have in retrospect. Mosley
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brings five claims against the defendants, none of which are acts of negligence or

an accusation of a negligent act or omission. They are claims relating to corporate

governance (breach of fiduciary duties); a breach of contract; and aiding and

abetting; all distinct from the negligence actions due to their intentional nature. The

plain language of the waiver does not contemplate waiver of intentional acts, which

are the claims at issue in Mosley’s suit.

Therefore, while Mosley has waived liability for any injury, damage, or loss

caused by or arising from any negligent act or omission—viewing the contract in

the light most favorable to Mosley—the parties intended only to waive liability for

claims of negligence. The district court erred in holding the waiver provision

applied to Mosley’s claims.

C. Bylaws

Mosley argues that USA Hockey’s bylaws are similarly inapplicable to his

claims. We agree. In addition to the provision stated above, the waiver agreement

further provides:

As a condition of registration and membership in USA Hockey and
participation in USAH and member team activities, Participant…
agrees to abide by and bound under the playing rules and governing
regulations of USA Hockey, including the USA Hockey By-Laws and
the mandatory dispute resolution and discipline provisions, as
published in the current USA Hockey Annual Guide . . . . Any
dispute, claim or cause of action regarding the terms of this
agreement or its subject matter shall be brought (i) individually,
without resort to any form of class or collective action, and without
joinder or consolidation of claims of third parties, and (ii) exclusively
in the manner provided in the applicable rules of USA Hockey
(including, without limitation USA Hockey Bylaw 10).

(Emphasis added.)
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As previously established, the waiver provision does not apply to Mosley’s

claims as they are not claims of negligence. So Mosley’s claims are not claims

“regarding the terms of this agreement” and are not subject to the agreement’s

conflict-resolution requirements outlined in the second provision. Thus, his claims

do not trigger the agreement’s requirement that applicable claims must be brought

pursuant to the ADR procedures found in the USA Hockey rules and Bylaw 10.

Nonetheless, even if we were to assume without deciding that the terms of

the bylaws applied to Mosley’s claims, the bylaws exempt Mosley’s claims from

arbitration. It is true that Bylaw 10.A(2) states “[i]t is the specific purpose of this

Bylaw 10 to provide a uniform method of resolving Disputes3 that is a full and

complete substitute for any court proceedings.” But Bylaw 10.G(3)(g) states that

arbitration procedures do not apply to “monetary claims or disputes between

parties,” exempting them from Bylaw 10’s other ADR provisions. Mosley’s claims

are monetary claims4 and are specifically exempted from arbitration proceedings

under the bylaws.

The defendants also argue that Mosley’s claims are encompassed under

Bylaw 10.C’s unified procedure section.5 However, Bylaw 10.D(3)(h) states

3 “Disputes” is defined as, “All claims, demands, discipline or disputes.”
4 Our supreme court has described claims asserting monetary damages and
arising from intentional acts as “monetary claims.” See Ezzone v. Riccardi, 525
N.W.2d 388, 400 (Iowa 1994). Thus, it makes sense that USA Hockey would
require participants to agree to the waiver agreement in addition to their agreement
to be governed by the bylaws. But since a negligence action asserting monetary
damages against USA Hockey could potentially be considered a monetary claim
exempted from Bylaw 10’s ADR requirements, the waiver agreement serves to
provide USA Hockey with additional protections by exempting it from liability for
such negligence claims.
5 The first time the defendants raised this argument was at oral arguments.
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“[d]isputes concerning liability or damages arising from personal injury claims, torts

or other civil claims are not subject to the Unified Procedure.” (Emphasis added).

Mosley’s claims would fall into “other civil claims” under this bylaw, exempting them

from the unified procedure bylaw. So even if the bylaws did apply for Mosley’s

claims, Bylaw 10.G(3)(g) and Bylaw 10.D(3)(h) would exempt Mosley’s claims

from arbitration and unified procedure requirements.

IV. Conclusion.

Accordingly, we reverse the district court’s order granting the defendants’

motion to dismiss. We remand to the district court for entry of an order denying

the defendants’ motion to dismiss and order further proceedings.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.