In the Interest of K.S. and M.J., Minor Children

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 21-0091
Filed August 4, 2021

IN THE INTEREST OF K.S. and M.J.,
Minor Children,

D.J., Mother,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Susan Cox, District

Associate Judge.

A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights. AFFIRMED.

Charles E. Isaacson of Charles Isaacson Law P.C., Des Moines, for

appellant mother.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Meredith L. Lamberti, Assistant

Attorney General, for appellee State.

Yvonne C. Naanep, Des Moines, attorney and guardian ad litem for minor

children.

Considered by Bower, C.J., and Mullins and Schumacher, JJ.
2

BOWER, Chief Judge.

A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to K.S., born in

September 2016, and M.J., born in September 2017.1 Because the statutory

period for reunification had long expired and the mother had not yet adequately

addressed her assaultive behaviors, we affirm.

The family came to attention of the Iowa Department of Human Services

(DHS) on April 15, 2019, when the mother—with her two children in the back

seat—intentionally rammed her vehicle into the vehicle of her paramour, J.R. She

was arrested and charged with domestic-abuse assault with intent to inflict serious

injury and two counts of child endangerment without injury. A no-contact order

(NCO) was put into place prohibiting the mother from contacting the children or

J.R.

When the mother was arrested, the children were placed in the care of their

maternal grandmother. However, they were moved to the care of their maternal

great-grandmother because the grandmother reported she could not care for them

in addition to her own special-needs child. This placement was about two and

one-half hours away from the mother’s home. A May 10 temporary removal order

was confirmed by order dated June 10.

On June 26, the mother pleaded guilty to domestic-abuse assault with intent

to inflict serious injury and two counts of child endangerment. She received a

deferred judgment and was placed on probation for two years. The terms of her

1 The children’s fathers’ rights were also terminated. Neither father appeals.
3

probation included obtaining a psychological evaluation and following all

recommendations and participating in a parenting class. The NCO was lifted.

The children were adjudicated children in need of assistance (CINA) on

June 27. The DHS report to the court before the CINA adjudication hearing noted

family reunification would require the mother to secure housing for herself and her

children; obtain a mental-health evaluation and follow recommendations; obtain

parenting education to be able to model appropriate behavior; and successfully

complete her probation. The court ordered the mother to comply with a mental-

health evaluation, substance-abuse evaluation, drug screens, and domestic-

violence services.

On July 2, the mother’s probation officer filed a report of violations of the

terms of probation alleging the mother had failed to pay court-imposed costs; had

not provided proof of obtaining a mental-health evaluation; had not provided proof

of enrolling in a parenting class; and, on June 28, she had been arrested and

charged with assault with intent to inflict serious injury and criminal mischief.2 The

probation officer sought a warrant for the mother’s arrest. On August 5, the mother

stipulated to the violations and was ordered to serve five days in jail for contempt

and continued on probation. She was also ordered to obtain a substance-abuse

and mental-health evaluation and follow up with recommended services, complete

a cognitive-behavioral program, and provide proof of completing an assaultive-

behavior class.

2These charges were based on the mother’s having rammed her vehicle into J.R.’s
girlfriend’s vehicle.
4

On November 1, a permanency hearing was held, and the court granted a

DHS-recommended six-month extension to allow family reunification.3 On

November 21, upon the recommendation of the DHS and the children’s guardian

ad litem (GAL), the children were moved from the great-grandmother’s home to

the grandmother’s to facilitate parent-child visits.

A second report of probation violation was filed March 19, 2020, asserting

the mother was not paying court-imposed costs, failed to maintain employment,

and had not provided proof of completing community service or an assaultive-

behavior class. She had also been arrested on March 11 and had not reported the

arrest. The probation officer asked a warrant be issued and the mother be required

to serve ten days for contempt with the option to purge the contempt by providing

proof of employment, paying toward her supervision fee, and setting up a payment

plan.

An addendum to the March 19 report of probation violation was filed April

27, alleging that, on April 10, the mother had violated a criminal NCO. The

probation officer recommend she serve ten days for contempt with the option to

purge by providing proof of employment, payment plan for supervision fee and

court-ordered financial obligations, proof of payment for an assaultive-behavior

class, and completing fifty hours of community service.

A permanency review hearing was held on May 1 and the court found:

3 The October 22, 2019 DHS report to the court noted the mother had obtained a
substance-abuse evaluation, which had not recommended any treatment.
However, the mother had yet to obtain a mental-health evaluation and was not
engaged in mental-health services, which the case manager believed was very
important because “[s]he will need to gain insight on how her impulsive thinking
puts her children’s safety at risk.”
5

The mother was previously granted a [six] month extension.
Everyone wants the mother to regain custody of the children.
Unfortunately, she still has not started therapy—as previously
recommended. She had an initial therapy appointment set for [April
8, 2020]. The mother did not appear for the appointment. DHS noted
the mother needs “to address her domestic violence in therapy and
gain an understanding of how this impacts her children and her ability
to parent safely.” Also, the mother has new charges. There is
currently a warrant for the mother’s arrest for violating a [NCO]. The
court advised the mother to turn herself into law enforcement.
....
The primary permanency goal right now is termination of
parental rights and adoption. The mother can change that goal by
immediately-fully participating in recommended services.

Unfortunately, the immediate and full participation with recommended

services did not occur.

On July 7, the mother was arrested and a probation order was filed noting

the mother was in custody. She was found in contempt and ordered to serve ten

days, but could purge the contempt by entering into payment plans for both her

court-imposed costs and supervision fee, enroll and complete the assaultive-

behavior class, complete fifty hours of community service, and commit no new

violations.

On July 31, the mother obtained an initial assessment for a mental-health

evaluation and completed the evaluation on August 8. The evaluator found the

mother met the criteria for an unspecified adjustment disorder. The mother was

pregnant by J.R. but reported she was no longer in a romantic relationship with

him. The evaluator recommended the mother participate in therapy services,

attend visits with her children, follow DHS and service provider recommendations,

and attend medical appointments related to her pregnancy.
6

On August 5, a petition to terminate the mother’s rights was filed. On August

12, the mother had her first visit with her children since April.

The termination of parental rights trial was held on September 3. The

mother testified she was in good standing with her probation, she had completed

her community service hours, and entered into a payment plan but still had five

days of jail to complete in connection with the NCO violation. She also stated she

had paid for the assaultive-behaviors class, which was to begin on September 12,

was attending mental-health therapy sessions, and she had obtained housing and

employment. The mother acknowledged visits with the children had been put on

hold while there was a warrant pending. She explained she did not turn herself in

in May because she was unemployed at the time and had no money to bond out.

She asked that the children be returned to her care or stay with the grandmother

until she finished her five-day jail sentence. The court took the matter under

advisement.

On October 27, DHS filed a motion to modify the children’s placement

because the grandmother could no longer maintain their care and asked that the

children be moved. While other relative placements were being investigated, none

were available at the time, so DHS recommended foster care placement. The

court granted the motion to modify disposition.

On October 28, the mother filed a motion to reopen the record because

“significant events have transpired” that would impact the court’s best-interest

analysis. The motion was set for hearing.

At the December 4 hearing, the GAL argued against reopening the record

and recommended termination of parental rights. The court allowed additional
7

testimony and admitted an update from the mother’s therapist, noting the mother’s

participation in sessions, and a November 30 DHS report addendum which noted

the foster parents reported they would adopt both children if relatives were not an

option. The mother testified she had served her jail time, had no outstanding

criminal charges, and was in good standing with probation. She had housing; was

employed;4 and, although the grandmother was not a long-term care option, she

was available to assist in child care. She asked that the children be returned to

her.

The DHS case manager testified, acknowledging the mother was finally

making positive strides in meeting the goals of the case plan. However, she did

not support further delay in the proceedings and continued to recommend

termination of parental rights. She noted visits remained fully supervised. The

children were demonstrating aggressive and regressive behaviors after visits with

the mother. She also expressed concern about the mother’s ability to care for an

infant and deal with reintroducing the two older children to the household.

On January 5, 2021, the juvenile court wrote:

The issue is whether after [nineteen] months of services and [five]
different placements for the young children, the court should
terminate the parents’ rights. The children are struggling. After visits
with the mother, they have behavioral issues. These issues have
increased exponentially due to the length of this case. The mother
continued a pattern of criminality, arrest warrants and
incarcerations—which repeatedly stopped visits for extended
periods of time. Also, she still has not addressed her toxic, domestic
violence connection with [J.R].

4She stated she was not currently working because her child was due but she still
had a job and intended to return to work after the baby was born.
8

The juvenile court noted the mother had not attended therapy sessions

between September 9 and October 11, 2020, and the therapy was not addressing

domestic-violence or assaultive-behavior issues but focused on the mother’s

stress from the juvenile proceedings. The court also observed the mother was not

consistent with visits—she was in jail October 1 through 6 and did not have visits

from October 29 through November 17 due to another arrest warrant.5 The court

concluded the children could not be returned to the mother’s custody at present

because she had not adequately addressed here domestic violence with J.R., who

she continued to rely on for financial support and with whom she intended to co-

parent their newborn. The court also concluded termination of the mother’s

parental rights was “less detrimental than the harm caused by continuing the

parent-child relationship.”

The mother appeals, asserting the grounds for termination have not been

proved.6 She also contends termination of her parental rights is not in the

children’s best interests.

“We review proceedings terminating parental rights de novo.” In re A.M.,

843 N.W.2d 100, 110 (Iowa 2014). “We are not bound by the juvenile court’s

findings of fact, but we do give them weight, especially in assessing the credibility

of witnesses.” Id. (citation omitted).

5 This appears to be related to the March 2020 theft charge. The mother did plead
guilty to fifth-degree theft and was fined.
6 The court terminated parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f)

(K.S., age four) and (h) (M.J., age three) (2020). These two paragraphs allow the
court to terminate parental rights when a child who has been adjudicated a child in
need of assistance (CINA) has been out of the parent’s custody for the statutory
period and cannot be returned to the custody of the parent “at the present time.”
9

The mother concedes the children have been adjudicated CINA and have

been out of her custody for longer than the statutory period. She argues, however,

the children could be returned to her “at the present time.” “At the present time”

refers to the time of the termination hearing. See id. at 111. We agree with the

juvenile court the mother has not addressed the underlying concerns for her

assaultive behaviors and the domestic violence between her and J.R. Nothing in

this record establishes the mother actually attended the assaultive-behaviors class

and the therapist’s update does not indicate therapy focused on domestic violence

or assaultive behaviors. Without addressing those underlying concerns, the

children remain at risk in her care. See In re K.M., No. 16-0157, 2016 WL 1359127,

at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. Apr. 6, 2016) (noting father’s failure to address domestic

violence issues).

While we appreciate the mother’s current positive steps—taken just prior to

or after the filing of the termination petition—they are but the first on her road to

stability. We have consistently stated “[a] parent cannot wait until the eve of

termination, after the statutory time periods for reunification have expired, to begin

to express an interest in parenting.” In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 495 (Iowa 2000)

(“[C]hanges in the two or three months before the termination hearing, in light of

the preceding eighteen months, are insufficient.”).

The mother objects to the juvenile court’s “generic idea” of the children’s

need for permanency. The mother argues “[n]othing about what will happen to

these children in this case suggests permanence” and “[t]he court should assume

termination will make things worse for the children.” However, the legislature has

established a different presumption. See id. at 494 (noting once statutory
10

requirements are met “the legislature . . . has made a categorical determination

that the needs of a child are promoted by termination of parental rights” (citation

omitted)). Because the statutory period has been far exceeded here, we must view

the situation with a sense of urgency. See id. at 495.

When considering children’s best interests, we “give primary consideration

to the child[ren]’s safety, to the best placement for furthering the long-term

nurturing and growth of the child[ren], and to the physical, mental, and emotional

condition and needs of the child[ren].” Iowa Code § 232.116(2). We recognize

there is no current permanent placement identified. Yet the children are in a

suitable foster home with caregivers who are addressing their physical and

emotional needs. The children are adoptable and the foster family has indicated

a willingness to adopt both children. “It is well-settled law that we cannot deprive

a child of permanency after the State has proved a ground for termination under

section 232.116(1) by hoping someday a parent will learn to be a parent and be

able to provide a stable home for the child.” In re A.B., 815 N.W.2d 764, 777 (Iowa

2012) (citation omitted). We agree with the juvenile court that termination of the

mother’s parental rights and adoption will give the children a chance at stability

and permanency they have been denied while waiting for their mother to address

her underlying issues. We affirm.

AFFRIMED.