D.G. v. J.G.

NOTICE: Summary decisions issued by the Appeals Court pursuant to M.A.C. Rule
23.0, as appearing in 97 Mass. App. Ct. 1017 (2020) (formerly known as rule
1:28, as amended by 73 Mass. App. Ct. 1001 [2009]), are primarily directed to
the parties and, therefore, may not fully address the facts of the case or the
panel's decisional rationale. Moreover, such decisions are not circulated to
the entire court and, therefore, represent only the views of the panel that
decided the case. A summary decision pursuant to rule 23.0 or rule 1:28 issued
after February 25, 2008, may be cited for its persuasive value but, because of
the limitations noted above, not as binding precedent. See Chace v. Curran, 71
Mass. App. Ct. 258, 260 n.4 (2008).

COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS

APPEALS COURT

24-P-598

D.G.

vs.

J.G.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER PURSUANT TO RULE 23.0

After an ex parte hearing, a judge issued a G. L. c. 258E,

§ 5, harassment prevention order against the defendant. That

order was extended at the subsequent extension hearing. The

defendant has appealed.

To obtain a harassment prevention order, the plaintiff had

to demonstrate "harassment," which the statute defines in

relevant part as "[three] or more acts of willful and malicious

conduct aimed at a specific person committed with the intent to

cause fear, intimidation, abuse or damage to property and that

does in fact cause fear, intimidation, abuse or damage to

property." G. L. c. 258E, § 1. This has been narrowed by the

Supreme Judicial Court so that, under its construction,
"each of the three willful and malicious predicate acts
aimed at a specific person must be either a 'true threat'
. . . or 'fighting words' . . . at least where the
predicate act is not an intentional act either of unlawful
violence, i.e., acts that 'attempt[ ] to cause or caus[e]
physical harm,' or that causes property damage that meets
the other requirements of the statute. G. L. c. 258E, § 1.
To qualify as a true threat, a threat must demonstrate 'a
serious expression of an intent to commit an act of
unlawful violence to a particular individual or group of
individuals' . . . -- under c. 258E, the specific
individual to whom the alleged predicate acts are
directed. Further, to support an order under c. 258E, the
true threats cannot be threats to do just any kind of
harm; they must be intended to cause 'fear of physical
harm' or . . . 'physical damage to property'" (citations
omitted).

A.R. v. L.C., 93 Mass. App. Ct. 758, 760 (2018). The

defendant's argument is that there was insufficient evidence for

the judge to have found the "three acts" that are required

before such an order may be issued. See id.

"The burden is on the appellant to ensure that an adequate

record exists for an appellate court to evaluate." Commonwealth

v. Woods, 419 Mass. 366, 371 (1995). In this case, the

defendant has failed to provide us with copies of the

transcripts necessary for our review. Having failed to provide

us with the evidence we need in order to assess what was before

the judge, the defendant cannot and has not demonstrated

insufficiency in the evidence.1

1 The incompleteness of the record may reflect the
defendant's mistaken belief that she is challenging only the
original ex parte order. To the extent this is what she

2
The defendant herself describes a number of extremely

offensive acts in which she engaged: these include physically

approaching the friend of the plaintiff's four year old child;

telling that other child that the plaintiff's child's family was

under investigation for criminal activities; urging them to

avoid the plaintiff's family; posting on a social media page

open to parents false statements that the plaintiff is under

police investigation and an illegal immigrant; posting personal

information, including the plaintiff's and her family members'

names and her children's class; calling the plaintiff and her

family illegal immigrants and threatening them with arrest by

the police; publishing on social media private information about

the plaintiff's family, including information about the family's

lease and her children's previous schools; sending a message to

the parents' page documenting the family's activities from

February 5 to March 9, including details about their cars,

school pickup schedules, clothing and shopping, with time

recorded to the minute and, of course, the monitoring that this

information reflects; recording the plaintiff's routine

intends, such orders are not appealable, Tom T. v. Lewis L., 97
Mass. App. Ct. 698, 699-700 (2020), and her notice of appeal was
filed more than thirty days after that order issued. Her notice
of appeal, however, was filed within thirty days of the
extension order, which is properly appealable.

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activities at home; and taking a picture of the plaintiff and

her children in a neighborhood parking lot.

We need not, however, decide whether any of these are

qualifying acts or, if so, which ones. That is because even if

we were to assume something we do not decide – that this litany

of admissions does not include three acts that together amount

to harassment within the meaning of the statute – without the

full transcript, the defendant cannot demonstrate that the

record did not reflect three such acts.

Order dated April 4, 2024,
affirmed.

By the Court (Rubin, Hand &
Brennan, JJ.2),

Clerk

Entered: June 30, 2025.

2 The panelists are listed in order of seniority.

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